Introduction: Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major global health challenge. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecological disruptions are not only damaging the environment but also posing serious threats to human health. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing strategies to protect vulnerable populations.
Methods: This study is based on a descriptive review of scientific articles, public health reports, and global climate databases published in the last decade. Key areas of focus included the relationship between climate change and respiratory diseases, the spread of infectious diseases, nutritional health, and psychological well-being. Data were synthesized to identify major health outcomes linked to climate change
Results: The analysis revealed that climate change
directly contributes to heat-related illnesses and cardiovascular stress. Indirectly, it facilitates the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue into new regions. Food security is also threatened by droughts and soil degradation, leading to malnutrition, particularly in low-income countries. Moreover, frequent disasters such as floods and hurricanes increase injury rates and trigger long-term mental health issues including anxiety and depression. Vulnerable populations-children, the elderly, and
disadvantaged communities-were identified as the most at-risk groups.
Conclusion: The findings highlight that climate change is not solely an environmental issue but a pressing public health concern. Mitigation strategies, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combined with adaptation measures such as strengthening healthcare systems and implementing early warning programs, are essential. Immediate global cooperation is needed to minimize the health burden of climate change and ensure sustainable well-being for
future generations.
Keywords: Climate change, Human health, Nutrition, Infectious diseases, Mental health