مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Comparative Study of the Anticancer Effects of Anethum graveolens and Alcea glabrata on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (AGS): Induction of Apoptosis and Downregulation of HER2 Expression
Comparative Study of the Anticancer Effects of Anethum graveolens and Alcea glabrata on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (AGS): Induction of Apoptosis and Downregulation of HER2 Expression
Sepideh Ashouri Movassagh,1,*Maryam Farghadan,2
1. Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran 2. Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In recent years, there has been significant interest in plant-based compounds as alternative and less toxic treatments compared to conventional chemotherapy. Anethum graveolens and Alcea glabrata are among the plants reported to have anticancer properties. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxic effects, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of key cancer-related genes in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) and human gum fibroblast cell line (HUGU) using methanolic extracts of these plants.
Methods: Methanolic extracts of A. graveolens and A. glabrata were prepared from their aerial parts. AGS and HUGU cells were treated with varying concentrations of the extracts for 48 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and the IC50 values were calculated. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of HER2, HSP90α, P53, and Caspase-3 genes were analyzed using Real-Time PCR. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of both extracts was measured using the DPPH assay.
Results: Both extracts showed selective cytotoxicity, with a stronger effect on AGS cells compared to HUGU cells. Anethum graveolens extract (IC50:1280 µg/mL) significantly decreased HER2 expression while increasing the levels of HSP90α, P53, and Caspase-3 in AGS cells, along with an increased rate of apoptosis compared to the control group. Alcea glabrata extract (IC50: 500 µg/mL) induced higher apoptosis in AGS cells, significantly decreased HER2 expression, and increased P53 and Caspase-3 expression, while these effects were less pronounced in HUGU cells. The DPPH assay revealed significant antioxidant activity in both extracts, which may contribute to their cytotoxic effects.
Conclusion: Both Anethum graveolens and Alcea glabrata extracts demonstrated promising anticancer effects against AGS cells, including apoptosis induction and regulation of key cancer-related genes such as HER2. However, Alcea glabrata exhibited slightly superior performance in terms of gene expression modulation and antioxidant properties. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms in preclinical and clinical studies.