• A review of novel combination treatments in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm
  • Parastoo Tabaeian,1 Fatemeh Roozbahani,2,*
    1. Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
    2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.


  • Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dangerous infection responsible for its high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and the development of urgent new treatments is greatly required.
  • Methods: In this review, we collected different newly developed treatment strategies from recently published experiments and compared their efficacy to each other and the standard of care (SOC). These studies investigated novel treatments and conducted experiments on MRSA clinical isolates, patients, or mouse models.
  • Results: From the study of recent research, they suggest that combination therapy using various factors such as adding appropriate adjuvants, and using Nano systems along with methods such as photothermal therapy (PTT) is more effective than SOC monotherapy regimens (vancomycin or daptomycin) against MRSA infection and especially eliminating its biofilms in wound healing. Also, phage therapy is considered an option for further development as a treatment against MSSA and MRSA infections.
  • Conclusion: This review indicates that combination therapy has received the most attention in recent years and offers promising candidates for the treatment of various kinds of MRSA infections and provides insights into future research directions in eliminating resistant bacterial infection and biofilm.
  • Keywords: MRSA, biofilm, Combination therapy, photothermal therapy, monotherapy.