Introduction: The gut microbiome is the community of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) living in the digestive tract. It plays important roles in digestion, immune function, and overall health. In this study, a literature review was conducted to examine how diet influences gut microbiome composition and how a balanced microbiome supports health. We reviewed recent findings in human studies and animal models. Results show that higher dietary fiber intake is associated with greater microbial diversity, production of beneficial metabolites (like short-chain fatty acids), and stronger immune responses. Disruption of the microbiome (dysbiosis) is linked to diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. We conclude that fostering a healthy gut microbiome through diet and lifestyle is promising for improving health.
Methods: For this study, we did not perform laboratory experiments. Instead, we used a review method. We searched for scientific articles and books about the human microbiome and selected the most recent and relevant ones. From these sources, we collected key information about how diet and lifestyle affect the balance of microbes in the body. Finally, we summarized these findings in simple language to make them easier to understand and present.
Results: Reviewing the literature showed that diets rich in fiber increase the diversity of gut microbes and help beneficial bacteria grow. These microbes produce short-chain fatty acids, which support intestinal health and reduce inflammation. Studies also reported that a healthy microbiome strengthens the immune system, while disruption of the balance (dysbiosis), often caused by poor diet or antibiotics, is associated with obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Conclusion: The gut microbiome has a major influence on human health through digestion, immune function, and metabolite production. A diet high in fiber and diverse plant foods supports a healthy microbiome. Preventing dysbiosis is important to reduce risk of chronic diseases.
Keywords: gut microbiome; diversity; dysbiosis; short-chain fatty acids; diet