Introduction: This article reviews stem cells, cancer biology, and the role of stem cells in cancer treatment. Stem cells are defined as the foundation of the body and produce a variety of specialized cells. Types of stem cells, including totipotent, pluripotent, embryonic, induced pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and monopotent stem cells, are introduced. In the section on cancer biology, the causes, progression, and characteristics of cancer cells are explained. The role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of tumors is discussed. Cancer treatment methods using stem cells, including stem cells, neural stem cells, and cancer stem cells, are reviewed. Also, the function of stem cells in cancer treatment is explained and the challenges and limitations in this field are discussed. The use of stem cells in cancer treatment can become a vital component of cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Methods: Stem cell therapies for cancer include:
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs):
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are isolated from cells in the inner layers of the embryo and give rise to all cell types in the placenta. {Source: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs): Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are isolated from cells in the inner layers of the embryo and give rise to all cell types in the placenta.}
Induced pluripotent stem cells: They are induced from stem cells in culture and have similar properties to embryonic stem cells but do not have the ethical issues associated with destroying the embryo. {Source: In 2006, the discovery of Yamanaka factors, which induce pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells in culture, marked a major breakthrough. Stem cells have similar properties to embryonic stem cells, but there are no ethical issues associated with destroying the embryo.}
Neural stem cells (NSC):
Found in the central nervous system and can self-renew and produce new neurons and glial cells. {Source: Neural stem cells (NSC): Neural stem cells, which are found in the central nervous system, can self-renew and produce new neurons and glial cells.}
Cancer stem cells (CSC):
Produced by epigenetic mutations in normal stem cells or progenitor cells and play an important role in the growth, metastasis and recurrence of cancer. {Source: Cancer stem cells (CSC): Cancer stem cells, also known as stem cells or tumor-initiating cells, are produced by epigenetic mutations in normal stem cells or progenitor cells. These cells are found in tumor tissues and play an important role in the growth, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer.
Intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells:
Patients need this procedure after their hematopoietic cells and leukocytes in aggressive tumors are damaged by high doses of chemotherapy. {Source: Hematopoietic cells and leukocytes in aggressive tumors are damaged by high doses of chemotherapy. These conditions will require intravenous infusion of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells.
Results: The role of stem cells in cancer, including their characteristics, formation, and application in cancer therapy. It explains the different types of stem cells (totipotent, pluripotent, embryonic, induced pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and monopotent) and their specific roles.
Totipotent stem cells: These cells are the most potent and capable of becoming any type of cell in the body needed for the development of an organism. These cells exist only in the early stages of embryonic development and form the basis of the organism.} It also covers the biology of cancer, its causes, stages of progression, and properties of cancer cells. The text highlights the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In addition, this document reviews various approaches to cancer therapy using stem cells, emphasizing their potential to improve tumor targeting and reduce side effects. This article discusses the different types of stem cells used in therapy, such as pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and their mechanisms of action. The text also highlights the challenges and limitations of current cancer therapies and future research directions in the field of stem cells and cancer.
Conclusion: This article discusses the role of stem cells in cancer biology and therapy. It defines stem cells, explains the different types and how they are formed, and reviews their role in cancer development, including the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs). It also discusses the different approaches to cancer therapy using stem cells, their mechanisms of action, and future research directions, highlighting the challenges and limitations of current cancer therapies and the potential of stem cell-based therapies to improve outcomes.
Keywords: Stem cells, cancer, cancer treatment, cancer biology.