مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Resistance and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Resistance and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
Kiana Mohammadi,1,*Parnian Babaei,2
1. Ph.D. Candidate of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Tehran, Iran 2. B.Sc. Student in Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Infectious diseases continue to be a major global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the availability of vaccines and advanced therapeutic strategies, interindividual differences in disease susceptibility and progression highlight the crucial role of host genetic factors.
Methods: A narrative review of published literature was conducted, focusing on genetic variations influencing immune system pathways. Key examples of host genetic polymorphisms associated with infectious disease outcomes were examined.
Results: Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified to significantly affect host-pathogen interactions. The CCR5-Δ32 mutation is strongly associated with resistance to HIV infection. Variants in the HBB and HBs genes confer protection against malaria. Similarly, polymorphisms in HLA, TLR, and NRAMP1 genes modulate host responses to tuberculosis and hepatitis. Recent studies also suggest a potential role of ACE2 and TLR7 polymorphisms in determining susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms play a pivotal role in shaping host immune responses to infectious diseases. Understanding these genetic determinants can provide valuable insights into disease pathogenesis, support the development of personalized therapeutic approaches, and improve preventive strategies in global health.