مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Systematic Review of the relationship between genes and climate change in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Systematic Review of the relationship between genes and climate change in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Zahra Kermani,1,*Fatemeh Kermani,2
1. medical student - Student Research and Technology Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 2. medical student - Student Research and Technology Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Climate change has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It may exacerbate the risk of these diseases, especially in people with a predisposed genetic background. This study aimed to review the interaction of genetic factors and climate change in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases
Methods: This systematic review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement By searching the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science direct, from 2005 to 2025 articles related to the keywords " keywords "genetics", "climate change", "heat", "air pollution", "neurodegenerative diseases" and other equivalent terms and the names of the diseases in question were collected. Inclusion criteria included case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies that addressed the direct or indirect relationship relationship between climate and genes.
Results: Climate change exerts profound and multifaceted effects on human health, yet its specific impact on neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remains inadequately understood. This review explores the complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental stressors—particularly temperature fluctuations, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation—in three major neurodegenerative conditions: Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It highlights how climate-related factors exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications, potentially modulating gene expression and accelerating disease progression. MS appears particularly sensitive to latitude-related UV exposure and vitamin D metabolism, with HLA-DRB1 and MC1R genotypes influencing vulnerability. In PD, heat and cold stress amplify neurodegeneration in individuals with mutations in SNCA, PINK1, and LRRK2, while air pollutants such as PM2.5 may further aggravate symptoms via mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory pathways. ALS pathology is similarly intensified by environmental exposures, with chaperone system inefficiencies—linked to SOD1, FUS, and TDP-43 mutations—rendering neurons more susceptible to proteotoxic stress. The review also outlines the epigenetic consequences of exposure to airpollution such as PM2.5 and Nox, toxic metals and smoking, underscoring their role in modulating genetic risk for example, intraction this agents with HLA gen for MS. For two other diseases, genetic links to these environmental factors were also found.
Conclusion: Collectively, the findings advocate for integrated climate-genetic research and public health policies aimed at mitigating environmental risks for genetically predisposed populations.and we need more research to clarify the gene-environment relationship and to prevent the harmful effects of the environment on diseases by creating genetic changes.