مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Current perspectives of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination in cervical cancer
Current perspectives of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination in cervical cancer
Shokoofeh Salkhordeh,1,*Golnaz Khodadadian,2
1. Department of genetic engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Biology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: HPV is a member of the Papovaviridae family. It is a small, non-enveloped virus of about 55 nm diameter. It has an icosahedral capsid with 72 capsomers and these contain at least two capsid proteins, L1 and L2. Cervical cancer is by far the most common HPV-related disease. HPV is associated with a spectrum of epithelial proliferative disease ranging from benign warts to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Methods: At the initiation of viral infection, the HPV16 genome can results in benign and precancerous lesions of the cervix. However, can integrate its genome into the host genome, which can lead to the development of cervical carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These events cause overexpression of E6 and E7 proteins that contribute to viral carcinogenesis by altering cellular apoptotic mechanism.
Results: Three vaccines that prevent infection with disease-causing HPV have been licensed: bivalent (Cervarix), quadrivalent (Gardasil) and nonavalent (Gardasil 9). All three vaccines are based on non-infectious recombinant type-specific L1 capsid proteins assembled into viral-like particles (VLPs) as immunogens. Maximal reductions of 90% for HPV 6/11/16/18 infections, 90% for genital warts, 45% for low-grade cytological cervical abnormalities, and 85% for high-grade histologically proven cervical abnormalities have been reported. The estimated vaccine effectiveness with one dose or more of the HPV vaccine was 83–96.1%.
Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer and it is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Incorporation of HPV testing into screening strategies has a high potential to decrease mortality from cervical cancer.