Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. While traditional risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and obesity have long been used to assess cardiovascular risk, recent advances in genomics have enabled the development of polygenic risk scores (PRS) that estimate an individual’s genetic susceptibility to CVD. This review explores the potential role of genetic risk scores in enhancing early detection and prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease, particularly when combined with personalized interventions
Methods: Recent peer-reviewed literature (2018–2024) was reviewed to examine the development and clinical application of PRS in cardiovascular risk prediction. Special focus was placed on studies integrating PRS with lifestyle, nutritional, and pharmacological interventions tailored to individual risk profiles.
Results: Multiple studies demonstrate that individuals with high polygenic risk for CVD benefit significantly from early lifestyle interventions, including diet modification, physical activity, and statin therapy. Incorporating PRS into routine cardiovascular screening may improve risk stratification, especially in asymptomatic individuals.
Conclusion: However, challenges remain regarding population-specific calibration, accessibility of genetic testing, and ethical considerations in data use. Personalized prevention strategies based on genetic profiles represent a promising direction for precision cardiology.