مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The Role of the CRISPR-Cas System in Antimicrobial Resistance
The Role of the CRISPR-Cas System in Antimicrobial Resistance
Pouria Khodaei Ataloo,1,*
1. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a serious worldwide issue brought on by the battle between drugs and bacteria. Since antibiotics target both helpful and dangerous bacteria, it is estimated that antibiotic resistance will rise and result in over 10 million deaths yearly by 2050. It will also seriously harm the human microbiome. Because of their limited ability to treat illnesses with antibiotics, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized ESKAPE (E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), or "superbugs," as the most hazardous antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can be disseminated quickly by superbugs because they share genetic resistance elements with bacteria that aren't resistant. To minimize antibiotic resistance and efficiently treat bacterial illnesses, new bactericidal techniques are required that target bad bacteria while having little effect on patients or beneficial ones. Potential tactics to address the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria include phage therapy, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), peptide nucleic acid (PNA), and CRISPR-Cas systems. Because of their effectiveness, fast cycle, reproducibility, and affordability, CRISPR-Cas systems are often utilized in molecular biology labs for genome editing. A hopeful remedy for antibiotic resistance may be provided by CRISPR and the genes it is linked to, particularly Cas. Because the CRISPR-Cas system neutralizes antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), it acts as an antibacterial by making bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics.
Methods: An extensive examination of the application of the CRISPR-Cas system in the fight against antibiotic resistance is given in the article. The first step involved searching the scientific databases Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for papers using the search terms CRISPR-Cas and antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system has the potential to fight AMR pathogens because it can distinguish between common and pathogenic bacterial species by precisely targeting specific sequences.
Results: One of the many uses for the state-of-the-art technology known as the CRISPR/Cas system—the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated proteins Cas—is the knockout of a particular bacterial gene. Bacterial adaptive immune systems, such as the CRISPR-associated system, have the ability to specifically target and eliminate bacterial genomes while excluding invasive genetic components. To treat infectious infections, especially those brought on by AMR bacteria, the CRISPR-Cas system offers a viable strategy for creating next-generation antibiotics.
Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria, which are a major cause of illnesses worldwide, is the main focus of preliminary research on CRISPR-Cas-based therapeutic approaches for infectious diseases. The CRISPR-Cas system's usage in treating infectious illnesses needs standardized approaches for efficient therapy, perhaps removing antibiotic resistance in bacteria if successful. Despite many obstacles, the implementation of this system is simple and economical and is anticipated to produce favorable results.