• Breast Cancer Prevention Genetics Counseling
  • Ali hakim Nia,1,*
    1. Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch


  • Introduction: Studies have shown that approximately 10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to genetic factors, with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes accounting for about 20–40% of these hereditary cases. In Iran, research indicates that among patients with a family history of breast cancer, BRCA1 mutations are observed in about 6.4% of cases and BRCA2 mutations in about 6.1%. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and the role of genetics in its development has been extensively investigated. Recent advances in genetics, particularly genomic analysis technologies such as next-generation sequencing, have enabled the identification of gene mutations associated with breast cancer (including BRCA1 and BRCA2). These innovative methods have made risk prediction more accurate and individualized
  • Methods: Genetic testing can significantly change the course of prevention and treatment decisions. Women who have these mutations in their genome can greatly reduce their risk of developing cancer through regular monitoring, lifestyle changes, preventive medications, or even preventive interventions such as elective surgery. Genetic kits are another effective way to prevent cancer in time. The method of collecting information is through a blood or saliva sample, and specific genetic mutations (such as BRCA1/2) are examined in the laboratory for genetic analysis, and the result of these measures is that the results are announced as positive (presence of mutation) or negative (absence of mutation) along with the relative risk to the suspected person. And based on the results, preventive or care measures are planned.
  • Results: Genetic testing serves as an effective tool for the early identification of breast cancer risk and plays a vital role in prevention. However, the influence of environmental factors should not be overlooked, as they not only increase an individual’s risk but can also be transmitted to future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. By combining scientific approaches with lifestyle modifications, it is possible to break the genetic/epigenetic cycle, promote better health for future generations, and achieve important outcomes such as identifying high-risk individuals, enabling effective preventive decisions, facilitating early diagnosis, and ultimately reducing the incidence of breast cancer.
  • Conclusion: By performing genetic tests, people who are at high risk are identified. And after the test results, the patient can take preventive measures such as increasing periodic care (mammography, MRI) and taking preventive medications. How to collect information is taken through a blood or saliva sample and examined in the laboratory for specific genetic mutations (such as BRCA1/2) and the result of these measures is that the results are announced as positive (presence of mutation) or negative (absence of mutation) along with the relative risk to the suspected person. And based on the results, preventive or care measures are planned
  • Keywords: Breast Cancer Prevention Genetics Counseling