• The Role of Biofilms in Antibiotic Resistance and Associated Therapeutic review article
  • Fatemeh Ebrahimipour,1 Saman Hakimian,2,*
    1. B.A. student in Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
    2. Phd. student of Microbiology ,Biology department , Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran , Iran


  • Introduction: Biofilms are a spontaneously formed slimy matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) enveloping miniature bacterial colonies, which aid in pathogen colonization, shielding the bacteria from antibiotics, as well as imparting them resistance towards the same. Biofilms employ a robust communication mechanism called quorum sensing that serves to keep their population density constant. Biofilms, composed of structured communities of bacteria embedded in a self produced extracellular matrix, pose a significant challenge due to their heightened resistance to antibiotics and immune responses.
  • Methods: Biofilm formation is a complex process that is crucial for the survival of micro organ isms in various environments. It involves the production and stabilization of biofilms through cell-to-surface and cell-to-cell interactions, mediated by bacterial polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are essential for initial attachment, quorum-sensing communication, extracellular matrix formation, and overall biofilm stability, making them resistant to disruption and environmental challenges.
  • Results: Different hydrodynamic settings that biofilms are exposed to can affect the matrix of the biofilm. Changes in the availability of nutrients and oxygen, as well as the application of shear pressures, can substantially influence the adhesion of cells to the surface and affect these processes under different environmental situations The initial adhesion stage of biofilm formation is highly influenced by the pH of the surrounding environment
  • Conclusion: Conventional antibiotics often fail to penetrate biofilms effectively, necessitating the development of specialized antibiofilm strategies. This review examines the challenges of bacterial biofilm-associated infections, focusing on antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
  • Keywords: Biofilms-Microorganism-Biofilms Formation-Chronic Infections-Resistances to Antibiotic