Introduction: Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that originates from melanocytes and is influenced by a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. Its occurrence varies widely depending on age, geographic location, and population, emphasizing the need for prevention, early detection, and personalized treatment strategies.
Methods: This study utilized data from NCBI and the Megagene (pharmacogenomic platform ) to analyze genetic polymorphisms, enabling detailed identification of variants and their potential link to medication side effects with a genetic basis. These resources provide valuable insights that improve the precision of treatment by incorporating genetic information into therapeutic decisions.
Results: The research highlights four key types of polymorphisms most frequently observed: those related to skin cancer, pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes, melanoma susceptibility, and cutaneous malignant conditions. Polymorphisms associated with skin cancer were the most common, followed by those affecting pigmentation traits, which play an important role in melanoma risk. Melanoma specific genetic variations and those tied to other malignant skin conditions were also analyzed, stressing their significance in disease progression and prognosis. Furthermore, the study found connections between these genetic polymorphisms and immune system regulation, pointing toward new targets for immunotherapy. It also underlined how genetic differences can affect patient responses to treatment and the likelihood of side effects, supporting the need for personalized medicine in melanoma care.
Conclusion: In clinical practice, screening melanoma patients for polymorphisms in genes like NRAS, MLH1, and BRAF is essential. Detecting these variations helps guide the choice of treatments with fewer side effects, ultimately improving patient outcomes through more tailored and safer therapies.
Keywords: 1.Melanoma2.GeneticSusceptibility3.PharmacogenomicProfiling4.CancerPolymorphisms5.Precision Medicine