مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Insight to Gonorrhea is on the verge of becoming incurable: A review of the antimicrobial mechanisms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the therapeutic challenges ahead
Insight to Gonorrhea is on the verge of becoming incurable: A review of the antimicrobial mechanisms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the therapeutic challenges ahead
Reyhane Farahani,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran 2. Phd. student of Microbiology ,Biology department , Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran , Iran
Introduction: Gonorrhea is a condition that has infected humans since ancient times. The disease is associated with serious complications such as infertility, eye infections in newborns, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ectopic pregnancy, and can also increase the risk of HIV infection by up to five times. Today, the disease has become a global health concern, and its treatment is challenging. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes the disease, uses complex mechanisms to evade the host's immune system and become resistant to antibiotic treatment, which is why antibiotic-resistant strains are developing.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, for studies published between 2000 and 2025. The keywords used were Neisseria gonorrhoeae, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular mechanism
Results: N. gonorrhoeae has become increasingly resistant to all classes of antibiotics and has become a global public health threat. These failures and resistances highlight the urgent need to manage antibiotic use, develop new antibiotic combinations and agents, and accelerate research to discover a vaccine.
If it metabolizes lactate, it becomes resistant to the complement system and to killing by neutrophils due to increased surface fluidity of the bacteria.
This microorganism can respire both aerobically and anaerobically. Its anaerobic respiration may contribute to biofilm formation and colonization.
This bacterium is antigenically heterogeneous and changes its surface structure to evade host defenses. This is one of the challenges in developing a vaccine for this disease. Another reason is the lack of lasting immunity after infection. Reinfection is common in this disease.
Conclusion: This article provides a review of the resistance mechanisms and treatment challenges of this pathogen.