مقالات پذیرفته شده در نهمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Yeast Engineering Using Standardized BioBricks for the Production of Antimicrobial Compounds
Yeast Engineering Using Standardized BioBricks for the Production of Antimicrobial Compounds
Shiva Ahmadi Pour Sereshkeh,1Ali Mohammadi,2,*
1. Ph.D. student of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. 2. Associate Professor of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global concer, and thus, it is imperative to invent alternative novel antimicrobial agents. The possibility of using yeasts, with respect to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as efficient host systems for the production of complex pharmaceutical compounds was studied. The use of BioBricks standards to integrate with yeast engineering provides a strong platform for straightforward design and assembly of new metabolic pathways in this model organism. Here, we review the recent progress in engineering of antimicrobial activity in yeast using BioBricks and provide examples of possible applications for combating drug-resistant pathogens.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search on metabolic engineering in yeast using keywords as follows: "metabolic engineering," "yeast," "standardized BioBricks", and "antimicrobial compounds. Relevant articles focusing on yeast engineering and the biosynthesis of antimicrobial agents were selected. The collected data were categorized based on engineering strategies, the types of compounds produced, and their efficacy against resistant pathogens.
Results: Literature analysis showed that the use of standardized BioBricks in yeast engineering greatly eases the procedure and reduces time and expenses needed for designing single-choice pathways. As one instance, assembling of artemisinin biosynthetic genes in yeast via Golden Gate method raise production output up to 30% [224]. In addition, novel compounds like erythromycin and next-generation vancomycin were also designed using the engineered yeast strains that had potential anti-MRSA and VRE activities. One of the main challenges encountered is the cytotoxicity of intermediate metabolites to yeast cells; however, this has been mitigated to some extent through optimized cultivation conditions and the use of inducible promoters.
Conclusion: The present study documents a novel and effective methodology of yeast engineering for the production of antimicrobials by using standardized BioBrick modules. Besides speeding up the discovery of novel targeted drugs and reducing costs, this approach can also be useful for preparation of highly functionalized complex molecules. However, intermediate metabolite toxicity and the need for additional optimization to increase productivity are still challenges. The future of this proposal is indeed an integration of artificial intelligence for pathway design andCRISPR-Cas systems for accurate genetic changes. The future of yeast bioengineering appears highly promising, offering new avenues to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively.