• Insight to the gut-brain connection , new Ideas for Treating Brain Diseases
  • Fatemeh Gholami,1 Saman Hakimian,2,*
    1. Bachelor student of Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
    2. Phd. student of Microbiology ,Biology department , Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran , Iran


  • Introduction: The connection between the gut and brain plays a crucial role in both health and disease, with the gut microbiota serving as a key mediator in this interaction. Specialized barriers in the gut and brain—such as the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier—act as vital interfaces to maintain homeostasis and transmit microbial signals. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota can disrupt the function of these barriers, potentially leading to the development of simultaneous neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. A precise understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this communication, especially during critical developmental periods, is essential for better grasping the causes and treatments of these conditions.
  • Methods: There is increasing evidence that problems in the microbiota–gut–brain axis play a role in various mental and neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—where digestive issues, changes in gut bacteria, and behavioral symptoms are closely linked—Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, which involves chronic inflammation and damage to the blood–brain barrier.
  • Results: Also, the probiotic Lactobacillus helps regulate the gut–brain axis by providing antioxidants and reducing inflammation.
  • Conclusion: Overall, the microbiota–gut–brain axis plays a key role in keeping mental health and is involved in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. It represents a promising area for developing new treatments.
  • Keywords: Microbiota, Treatment, Microbiome, Disease