Investigation the relationship between neonatal with acute kidney injury (AKI) and preterm birth

Investigation the relationship between neonatal with acute kidney injury (AKI) and preterm birth
Minoo Momenzadeh,¹ Mohammad Hasanzadeh,² Elahe Safari,^3,*
1. School of Medicine, Mashhad Islamic Azad University
2. School of Nursery and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
3. School of Nursery and Midwifery, Mashhad Islamic Azad University
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life- threatening complication of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The prevalence of AKI in neonates is about 6.3 to 8.4 around worldwide. Premature birth (gestational age<37 weeks) is one of the risk factors for AKI which is associated with poor nephron development. So the aim of this study investigation the relationship between neonatal with AKI and preterm birth.
Methods: This review was performed within articles published at PubMed, Google scholar, Cochrane and SID from 2010 to 2019. The keywords were acute kidney injury, preterm birth, and neonate. By searching this database, 42 articles were found, 22 of them were not related with investigating and 8 of them by reading abstract were removed. All articles chosen from English and Persian articles
Results: Finally 12 articles were included in the study. Some studies showed that the prevalence of AKI was more in infants that is less than 28 weeks of gestational age. Also an increased risk was observed even among term babies (37-38 weeks). A cross – sectional study that is performed on neonates admitted to the intensive care unit in US, examining the presence or absence of AKI and variables, such as data of birth, maternal age ( preterm infant <28 weeks, very preterm 28 to<32 weeks, moderate to late preterm 32 to<37 weeks), and gender (male. Female), type of delivery (vaginal and cesarean) and birth weight(<1500 grams, 1500 to<2500 grams, > 2500grams) , the results showed that 70% of infants had AKI was son, and 90% of them weighed less than 1500 grams and also were preterm but some evidences indicated no significant association between the gestational age and AKI
Conclusion: While some articles have stated that gestational age can cause acute kidney injury but some articles suggested that there is no relationship between them so need to be more research done at this topic.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Preterm birth, Neonate