Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a third spread cancer in world. This cancer is the third cancer to cause death in men and women because if its high metastasis and drug resistance. Presence adenoma polyps in colon and rectum are head symptoms of this cancer. Colorectal cancer have 5 stages that determines most appropriate treatment method. Cancers can be caused by DNA mutations that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes.
Methods: Recent studies showed that tumor-drived exosomes have role in cancer progression and also discovered their roles in metastasis and treatment resistance. Exosomes are extracellular vesicules with nano sized that have lipid, protein, DNA and RNA (mRNA, ncRNA). They are small phospholipid bilayer that create communication between cells. Each cancer has exosome with especial protein markers.
Results: Noncoding RNAs(Noncoding RNA, a group of functional RNA not encoding proteins) in exosomes are microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs that they can have ancogene role or tumor suppressor role in each cancer. Although miRNA and lncRNA levels in serum are significant promise for the development of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
Conclusion: exosomes have now been considered as an excellent source of diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for CRC patients.