Introduction: Introduction: The map of the human genome is different from person to person and it determines the appearance and behavioural characteristics of each individual. Personalized medicine (PM) is a move away from a ‘one size fits all’ because it is based on each patient’s unique genetic makeup. It means that managing a patient's health should be based on the individual patient's specific characteristics, including genotypes (molecular profiling, medical imaging, lifestyle data), age, gender, height/weight, diet, environment. Depending on the genome, individuals vary in the amount of drug absorbed, the drug reaches the target tissue, and the effect and side effects that the drug has on the target tissue. PM can also indicate an individual’s susceptibility to certain diseases before they become manifest, allowing physicians and patients to design a plan for monitoring and prevention. PM, is beginning to overcome the limitations of traditional medicine. In this new approach, shift the emphasis in medicine from reaction to prevention, predict susceptibility to disease, improve disease detection, preempt disease progression, customize disease-prevention strategies, prescribe more effective drugs, avoid prescribing drugs with predictable side effects, reduce the time, cost, and failure rate of pharmaceutical clinical trials and finally, eliminate trial-and-error inefficiencies that inflate health care costs and undermine patient care.
Methods: Methods: This review study was conducted base on full papers published after 2015
Results: Results: Tissue engineering and regenerative are one of the most important innovations that contribute significantly to personal medical development. According to the limitations of using the model animals, over the last few years, the use of organ technique on a chip has been noted that it can evaluate the effect of a drug on a particular texture in the outside environment before entering a clinical phase, which in careful medicine can be the most volatile. By using multi potentials stem cells of adult tissue and differentiate to the target tissue, there is a possibility of creating specific organs of each individual, which can be assessed by different drugs on individual organs with the aim of a better therapeutic approach. The development of technology organs on the chip can collectively create a full body on the chip, which may not only evaluate efficiency and effectiveness on target tissue but also adverse effects on other individual tissues.
Treatment with one's stem cells can be replaced with cells, tissues, and regenerative organs. This is an appropriate approach to PM. As the sources of stem cells are autologous in the most cases, this approach is purely personal.
Conclusion: Conclusion: This revolution in the healthcare system will only be possible to achieve by equal contribution of patient and consumers in participating in clinical trials, entrepreneurs and innovators to develop smart tools and analyze the genetic information, regulators by educating consumers and providers, and support essential revolutions in policy and regulation, physicians to understand the disease at the molecular level, academic researchers by accompanying innovative research to uncover new insights at the molecular basis of disease and supporting target-based drug development, IT sector by creating unique electronic tools to collect and secure patient information, stakeholders, payer and policy makers by exploring new business models, novel diagnostics tools, target therapy and other personalized treatment protocols. PM has the potential to have a positive effect on the healthcare system.
Keywords: Keywords: personalized medicine, personal genomics, human genome.