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Assessment of sodium levothyroxine effect on knee articular cartilage tidemark integrity, cartilage thickness and liver enzymes in hypothyroidism a histomorphometric, histopathologic and biochemical study in animal model
Assessment of sodium levothyroxine effect on knee articular cartilage tidemark integrity, cartilage thickness and liver enzymes in hypothyroidism a histomorphometric, histopathologic and biochemical study in animal model
Saba Mahjoub,1,*Simin Fazelipour,2Minoo Shafii,3Tahereh Naji,4
1. Department of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad university, Tehran Medical science 2. Department of anatomy, Islamic Azad university, Tehran Medical science 3. Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science 4. Department of basic science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences
Introduction: Sodium levothyroxine is one of the common medicines used for treatment of hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.The aim of the present study was assessing the effect of sodium levothyroxine on knee articular cartilage tidemark integrity,plateau tibia cartilage thickness (calcified and non-calcified) and liver enzymes.The results of the present study showed separation and disruption and destruction in tidemark line in the group which constantly received high dose of levothyroxine and affected the knee joint health.
Methods: A total number of 50 adult female Balb/C mice ,weighing 25-30 grams entered in experimental study. The animals were randomized into one control group and four experimental groups.The first group (control)did not receive any medicine .The second group received different increasing doses of sodium levothyroxine daily for 8 weeks. The third group received constantly high dose of levothyroxine daily for 8 weeks. In the fourth group, the animals became hypothyroid with propylthiouracil (PTU) and in the fifth group, animals with hypothyroism were received sodium levothyroxine by gavage same as group 2. After 8 weeks serum samples were taken to determine ALT, AST and ALP. The plateau tibia cartilage evaluated with hematoxyline-eosinstaining. Histologic changes evaluated by light microscopy.Using a light microscope equipped with camera, the samples were photographed and using a computer equipped with axiovision software. Cartilage(calcified and non-calcified) thickness measured in micrometer. The integrity of tidemark line on hematoxyline-eosine staining also evaluated.
Results: The results of the present study showed separation , disruption and destruction in tidemark line in group 3(the group with high dosage of sodium levothyroxine from the beginning of the treatment).The total cartilage and non-calcified part thickness in groups 3,4,5 were decreased and in group 3 showed significant decrease(P<0.05).Calcified cartilage thickness in all groups were decreased and in group 3 showed significant decrease(P<0.05).In most group serum ALT & AST levels were increased and in all groups serum ALP level showed decrease compared to the control group(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed separation , disruption and destruction in tidemark line in group 3(the group with high dosage of sodium levothyroxine from the beginning of the treatment). In comparison the other groups with increasing dosage of sodium levothyroxine didn’t show obvious abnormality in tidemark line. Calcified cartilage thickness in all groups specially in group 3 were decreased. In most groups serum ALT & AST levels were increased. In all groups serum ALP level showed decrease compared to the control group.
Regarding widely consumption of sodium levothyroxine and its effects on integrity of tidemark line of knee articular cartilage (calcified and non-calcified) thickness and liver enzymes at high doses,so should be administered with care and didn’t take this medication from the beginning of the treatment .