• Long non coding RNA: a novel prognostic markers for Oral cancer Diagnosis
  • Anita Alizadeh,1,*
    1. Department of biology, higher education institute of Rab_ Rashid Tabriz


  • Introduction: Oral cancer Has been one of the leading causes of death, especialy in developing countries. the main couse of this mortality is the delay in diagnosis and treatment. oral cancer screening allow early detection of malignancy and ultimately decreas the rate of mortality. however several techniques are commonly used to screen for oral malignancies But offen they dont have enough sensivity and diagnostic specificity. therefore, a lt of need to achieve a reliable, accurate, non invasive, as well as affordable and proper diagnostic biomarkers to identify oral abnormalities are need. Long non coding RNAs(LncRNA) are a small group of transcribed molecules that are over 200 nucleotides long and are like mRNA transcripts. All of long non coding RNA except a few cases, don’t have protein coding ability and maybe present in nucleus or cytoplasm and transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ and play an important roles in regulating diverse biological processes.
  • Methods: The present study was conducted in a review of the library resources and authentic scientific sources of the pubmed, google scholar and science direct.
  • Results: In generally, different classes of long noncoding RNA by molecular interaction of DNA, RNA and protein have an important role in critical steps of gene expression controlling such as chromatin structure degradation, transcriptional regulation and translation process controlling. Recent evidence has also indicated a fundamental role of non coding RNA in all stages of gene expression process such as at the levels of cellular physiologic processes and in the development of different human caners including oral cancer. Various studies have showen the aberrant expression of different long non coding RNA in oral cancer. Among lncRNAs associated with oral cancer, some of them works as an oncogenes while the others works as tumor suppressoers by participating in defferent cellular processes such As proliferation, differentiation and tumor invasion and metastasis. In fact, some of the oral cancer associated lncRNAs showed well_characterized roles in cancer development and progression and suggesting that those lncRNA can be used as a new biomarkers and monitoring tools as well as potential therapeutics targets in oral cancer treatment. In this review we found that some of the most important lncRNA that the expression level of them are upregulated in oral cancer such as MALAT1, LINCRNA ROR, CCAT1, LINC00152, AC132217.4, MIR31HG, LINC00668, LINC_ sox5, TUC338, LNC00673 and UAC1 and some of them such as NKILA and MEG3 are down regulated in this cancer. Functional studies using RNA interference( RNAi) molecules to knockdown cancer_ associated lncRNA are important to elucidate the consequences of loss or gain function of such lncRNAs reported in oral cancer. A few functional studies have been carried out with lncRNAs in oral cancer. Knockdown of UCA1, MALAT1, HOTAIR and FOXCUT by RNAi approaches in oral cancer cells reduced the progression of the tumor invitro and invivo. Knockdown of these lncRNAs resulted in less proliferation, activation of cell apoptosis and suppression of invasion and migration of oral cancer cells.
  • Conclusion: In conclusion, the discovery of lncRNAs has opened a new door in cancer research. The lncRNAs could become a significant player in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic development, benefiting patients with oral cancer and beyond.
  • Keywords: long non coding RNA, Oral cancer, prognostic biomarkers