مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
opportunistic mycoses cause hepatitis deterioration
opportunistic mycoses cause hepatitis deterioration
Banaay Golrizi, Miaad,1,*Mohammadi, Neda,2
1. Department of Medical mycology, Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC) , School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2. Department of pharmacy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Introduction: Viral hepatitis is the most common type of hepatitis worldwide. etiological agents of viral hepatitis are the hepatitis viruses (A, B, C,D, and E), Cytomegalovirus, Epstein – Barr virus, and Herpes simplex virus. These viruses replicate in the liver cells and change liver functions such as making proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, and bile production. Therefore, many opportunism fungi are activated in these conditions. opportunistic mycosis infects immunocompromised hosts like hepatitis patients. This article is designed to evaluate the opportunistic mycoses that occur as co-infection or after viral hepatitis.
Methods: One hundred and thirty-one publications were found by searching medical electronic databases using (fungal infections[Title/Abstract]) AND Hepatitis[Title/Abstract]) as a keyword. After reading the titles and abstracts, 58 of these publications were excluded because they were duplicates or had objectives different from this review. The remaining publications were retrieved for further assessment. Of these, 24 publications were excluded because their full texts were not available and their abstracts were not as complete as to provide necessary data for this review. six publications were excluded after reviewing the full texts; 10 publications did not meet the inclusion criteria.
Results: Some pathogenic and opportunistic fungi such as Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus, Candida and Aspergillus can cause hepatitis. patients with viral hepatitis have an increased predisposition to infected with opportunistic fungi. Hepatitis viruses cause hepatic dysfunctions such as cirrhosis or acute or chronic liver failure known to lead immunodeficiency. Many opportunistic mycoses occur in more than 10% of immunocompromised patients. In the retrospective literature review, Invasive aspergillosis and zygomycosis were reported in patients with cirrhosis or acute/chronic viral hepatitis. Candida oesophagitis was reported in patients with underlying chronic hepatitis C. Cutaneous and systemic cryptococcosis were found in patients living with HBV and/or HCV. The combination of mucormycosis, candidiasis (candidemia or candida peritonitis) and other rare fungal infections and cytomegalovirus, Epstein –Barr and Herpes simplex hepatitis have been seen in immunocompromised patients.
Conclusion: Opportunistic mycoses are one of the most common opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients which are the leading cause of death in some hepatitis patients. Timely diagnose and appropriate use of antifungals, have key role in the treatment of mycoses co-infections which can extend the life span of the hepatitis patients.