مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Fabrication of Silk Fibroin/Chondroitin Sulfate Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Fabrication of Silk Fibroin/Chondroitin Sulfate Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Hadi Sadeghi Khatibani,1Mitra Naeimi,2,*
1. Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Introduction
Globally, associated risks in cardiovascular diseases may lead to death. Autologous vessels have potential for blood vessel replacement but, harvesting the tissues may be difficult or impossible for some patients. Tissue engineering is an attractive field to regenerate vascular grafts. Electrospinning technique is a well-established technique that is widely used for fabrication of fibrous scaffolds. SF may be a suitable scaffold material for blood vessel because it is a biocompatible polymer with low thrombogenicity. Various attempts were carried out to design non-thrombogenic surface. In this study, we develop SF/chondroitin sulfate (SF/CHS) nanofiber scaffolds by electrospinning method. Mean fiber diameter was measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Hemolysis test was done to evaluate the presence of destroyed red blood cells on the scaffold surface.
Methods: Methods
SF/CHS polymeric solutions with ratios of 100/0 and 90/10 were prepared in formic acid and stirred at 200 rpm for 2 hours. After completely mixing, electrospinning was done with different voltages and distances to prepare bead-free fibers. The nanofibers were characterized by MTT assay, SEM, platelet adhesion and hemolysis. For cytotoxicity measurements, fibroblast L929 cells were cultured.
Results: Results
Cell viability was confirmed using MTT assay for 24 hours. Preventing clot formation is an important concern for blood-contacting devices. Hemolysis results in release of the hemoglobin and other internal components into the surrounding fluid. According to the hemolysis test, SF and SF/CHS nanofibers showed hemolysis ratio below 5 %. In contrast to pure SF nanofibers, hemolysis percentage was lower in SF/CHS nanofibers. This effect is attributed to the presence of hydrophilic CHS which may decrease the blood cell attachment onto the surface of the nanofibers. Therefore, we concluded that the presence of CHS helps to limit the adsorption of plasma proteins and cells, and results in blood-compatibility of the electrospun SF/CHS scaffolds during this study. SEM images showed uniform fibers with average diameter in the range of 120-145 nm. SEM images showed that the numbers of adhered platelets on the surface of the nanofibers are decreased significantly by incorporation of CHS. It is related to the carboxylic acid groups of CHS which inhibits the platelets adhesion.
Conclusion: Conclusion
SF/CHS nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method. According to the performed analysis, blending SF and CHS, resulted in good cell viability (MTT assay). Incorporation of CHS within the SF nanofibers resulted in a decrease in hemolysis percentage. The numbers of adhered platelets were decreased in SF/CHS scaffold in comparison with the pure SF scaffold. The SF/CHS nanofibers demonstrated potential feasibility towards blood vessel tissue engineering scaffold.