مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
application of nanotechnology in early diagnosis of cancer
application of nanotechnology in early diagnosis of cancer
farnaz hosseini,1,*sara davari,2
1. Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IAUPS), Medical Nano Technology Tehran, Iran 2. Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IAUPS), Medical Nano Technology Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Cancer is one of the most reasons of death in the world. A major reason why cancer causes mortality is that it is not detected early enough therefore current treatments are not effective. Recent results have shown that early diagnose of cancer leads to effective treatment and high percentage of survival. Cancer biomarkers are one of the most important elements in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers are detected in human fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and they can also be found in tumor cells. We found out that because of multiple biomarkers that exist in different types of cancer, biosensors can detect these analytes, therefore they have an important role in diagnosis of cancer. Biosensors are devices that detect a specific biological analyte and converting it into an electrical signal that can be detected and analyzed. Depending on the types of the recognition elements, biosensors are able to detect a wide range of biological elements, such as nucleic acids, antibodies, enzymes, bacteria, and viruses. A biosensor is comprised of three components: a recognition element, a signal transducer, and a signal processor that displays the results. The molecular recognition component detects a ‘signal’ from the environment in the form of an analyte, and then the transducer converts this biological signal to an electrical output.
Nanothechnology have an enormous effect on development of biosensors by diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cancer. high sensitivity and specificity of nanobiosensor make it ideal for examining biomarkers and early and accurate theranostics of cancer. Most cancers are diagnosed after they have been metastasized, therefore in this stage it is difficult to access an effective treatment. The application of nanotechnology in biosensors developments is through improving the chances of detecting cancer earlier, and improving patient survival rates.
Methods: in this review more than 20 papers from the years 2005 to 2017 on the subject of biosensors in detection of cancer, were studied.
Results: use of nanomaterials as imaging agents allows for more sensitive and precise measurement of cancer. Liposomes, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes are some examples of nanomaterials that have been used to improve cancer imaging. So nanotechnology induces the chances of detection of cancer markers, and leads to more powerful and specific signal enhancements, reduced cost, and high throughput detection. Nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, are examples of nanobiosensor systems that have recently been used experimentally in detection and diagnosis of some cancers like prostate, breast, pancreatic, lung, and brain cancer. Even though some cancer biomarkers like potential lung cancer biomarkers available lack the required sensitivity for the diagnosis in the clinics, and there are other aspects such as the necessity for analysis of biomarkers in other clinical samples, there is a great chance that these problems will improve in the future. Therefore there are still a lot of challenges concerning the applications of biosensor techniques that need to be resolved.
Conclusion: use of nanomaterials as imaging agents allows for more sensitive and precise measurement of cancer. Liposomes, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes are some examples of nanomaterials that have been used to improve cancer imaging. So nanotechnology induces the chances of detection of cancer markers, and leads to more powerful and specific signal enhancements, reduced cost, and high throughput detection. Nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, are examples of nanobiosensor systems that have recently been used experimentally in detection and diagnosis of some cancers like prostate, breast, pancreatic, lung, and brain cancer. Even though some cancer biomarkers like potential lung cancer biomarkers available lack the required sensitivity for the diagnosis in the clinics, and there are other aspects such as the necessity for analysis of biomarkers in other clinical samples, there is a great chance that these problems will improve in the future. Therefore there are still a lot of challenges concerning the applications of biosensor techniques that need to be resolved.