• The study on cell therapy in multiple sclerosis
  • bahare nikoozar,1,*
    1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, shahrekord University, shahrekord, iran


  • Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that Usually involves young adults. Precise factors that initiate inflammation are unknown, but it is generally believed that MS is caused by environmental factors in a genetically sensitive host that causes autoimmune responses to the immune system.4 different types of MS are defined: Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary progressive MS (SPMS), Primary progressive MS (PPMS), Progressive–relapsing MS (PRMS).Commonly used treatments for MS are drug therapies that usually include two tunings of the immune system and suppressing the immune system. Among these drugs are Glucocorticoids, interferon beta, Glatiramer acetate, and Etc.Currently, treatments deal with the inflammatory response and reduce damage to the nervous system, but it cannot repair the damage. Successful MS therapy needs protection from neurons, regulation of anti-inflammatory responses and improved remyelination. Cell therapy is a new method that helps in treating and managing disorders of the body. The choice of stem cell type is very important because, depending on the type and location of the disorder, our expectation of stem cells is different because the use of two different types of cells in the disease under identical conditions produces quite different results. This science is new hope for MS patients and because MS is complicated and varied, cell selection is very important in cell therapy.
  • Methods: By studying various articles, the information is gathered.
  • Results: Results of clinical and preclinical studies on the use of stem cells in the treatment of MS: studies on patients with different diets and medications were different. However, they all showed very high efficacy of this therapy for MS patients. The complications and mortality resulting from this type of treatment have been minimized in recent years by obtaining more information on this area of treatment. However, the patient is still likely to be lost. Given that the medications available for the treatment of MS have serious side effects, this new method of treatment has raised many hopes for MS patients.
  • Conclusion: Types of stem cells in MS:1) Epidermal neural crest stem cell (EPI-NCSC): EPI-NCSC is a new type of multipotent adult stem cell from the remains of the embryonic neural crest. They are placed in the bulge of hair follicles and available in a minimally invasive way. Due to autologous grafting ability, it is not possible to reject the graft. They are capable of producing a wide range of cell types. 2) Neural stem cells (NSC): one of the things that creates a new opportunity to repair the nervous system is the discovery of stem cells that can produce nerve tissue. Neuronal stem cells are a subset of ancestral cells in the nervous system that have the ability to renew themselves and produce neurons and glia. 3)Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): MSCs that can be of human and animal origin fall into the category of multipotent adult stem cells. Brain transplanted MSCs improve performance by producing trophic factors that contribute to the survival and rearrangement of host neurons. 4)Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs): MAPCs can be a cell source for the treatment of central nervous system disorders because the differentiation of MAPCs into neuron-like cells follows the same growth stages as embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells. 5) Olfactory ensheathing cell (OECs): OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following the lesion. The primary olfactory system is an unusual tissue in that it can support neurogenesis throughout life. 6) Hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs): Adults have a pool of hematopoietic stem cells that enter the bloodstream when they are damaged by tissue and require reconstruction. 7) Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs): Oligodendrocytes precursor cells are cells that play a role in the myelinating of the vertebrate central nervous system. It helps control the number of oligodendrocytes in the area. 8) Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs): EPCs are angiogenic and unique because they are different from their ancestors, but have self-renewability, clonogenicity, and differentiation capacity. Mechanisms of Cell Therapy in MS: reduce inflammation, improvement of blood-brain barrier function, suppressing immune responses, replacing stem cells with damaged cells, neuroprotection, myelin remodeling, axon Repair
  • Keywords: Multiple sclerosis (MS), Cell Therapy, stem cells