مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The association between breast cancer and vitamin D deficiency: a review
The association between breast cancer and vitamin D deficiency: a review
AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf,1,*Alireza Hadipour,2Fateme Noferesti ,3Abolfazl Danesh ,4
1. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 3. Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has abundant effects on human systems such as the immune system, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system. Studies suggest that vitamin D and its metabolites, particularly 25-hydroxyvitamin D, have been proposed as protective factors for several cancers and its deficiency has been associated with increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infectious diseases. Low sunlight exposure, poor diet, malabsorption and dysfunction of liver and kidney can cause vitamin D deficiency. Breast cancer is a common cause of cancer deaths in women although it occurs in both men and women. Studies show that Vitamin D had played a role in controlling normal breast mass growth and it may be involved in various stages of breast cancer. Although breast cancer is considered a genetic disorder, but multiple non-genetic factors can cause breast cancer; as these factors related to vitamin D plasma level, we conducted this review to find some of these factors and the association between vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed and Wiley online library with key words breast cancer and vitamin D. We included only review articles that assessed the effect of vitamin D deficiency and the emergence of breast cancer since 2015.
Results: Of 327 studies, 13 articles were included in this review. We found that the low level of vitamin D increase the risk of breast cancer. Studies show anti-carcinogenic effects for vitamin D. In vitro studies and animal models show the effect of vitamin D on down-regulation of estrogen receptors which prevent carcinogenesis, inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Several trials and epidemiological studies show that the effect of vitamin D on breast cancer tumors depends on tumor heterogeneity, this means that specific subtypes of breast cancer may affect by vitamin D. There are evidences show high level of vitamin D can suppress breast cancer cell migration and metastasis, also increase vitamin D receptors (VDR) expression can reduce the risk of death associated with breast cancer tumors. Although most studies mentioned that there is an inverse association between the level of vitamin D and breast cancer, but few studies didn’t have shown a relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer.
Conclusion: It was concluded that vitamin D can play a significant role in the protection of breast cancer and vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of breast cancer. So vitamin D supplement can be effective for protecting and treatment of breast cancer.