مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Merkel cell polyomavirus and Merkel cell carcinoma: a novel oncogenic virus
Merkel cell polyomavirus and Merkel cell carcinoma: a novel oncogenic virus
Piruz Shadbash,1Seyed Reza Mohebbi,2,*Seyed Masoud Hosseini,3
1. 1 Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechno 2. 3 Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Merkel cell polyomaviru belongs to the Polyomaviridae family which contains small, non- enveloped and circular double-stranded DNA viruses. The initial encounter with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) was in January 2008 in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. It was detected by digital transcriptome subtraction.
Methods: MCV is one of seven well-known human oncoviruses at present. It is doubted to make the most cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a scarce but aggressive kind of human skin cancer. Merkel cell carcinoma was first described as a "trabecular skin tumor" in 1972. Interestingly, Merkel cell carcinoma is mostly detected in older individuals. The infection mainly happens in people with immunodeficiency, containing organ transplant recipients and people with AIDS.
Results: Extreme exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, immune suppression and increasing age are important risk factors for MCC. In the USA the occurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma trebled within 20 years. In 2013, the yearly outbreak rate was about 0.7 per 100,000 individuals in the US. MCC destroys more patients than some other famous cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and persistent myelogenous leukemia. In a recent survey, researchers recognized human dermal fibroblasts as natural host cells that protect productive infection of MCPyV. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes by growth factors and WNT signaling provokes the infection of MCPyV.
Conclusion: This shows that risk factors for MCC, such as UV radiation and old aged which are known to provoke WNT signaling and MMP expression can elevate MCPyV infection and MCC tumorigenesis. About 80% of MCC tumors are connected to MCPyV infection. In humans the exact outbreak of MCPyV infection is unfamiliar. Given the importance of the Merkel cell carcinoma, launching new detection methods and controlling systems are recommended in susceptible, high-risk groups.