مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo Seeds Collected from Northeastern Iran
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo Seeds Collected from Northeastern Iran
Hashem Akhlaghi,1,*seyed Abolfazl Mousavi,2niloufar alizadeh,3
1. Department of Chemistry, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran 2. Department of Chemistry, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran 3. Undergraduate Student of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
Introduction: Vitex pseudo-negundo (Verbenaceae) grows naturally near seasonal rivers in Iran . V. pseudo-negundo
commonly referred as chaste tree, chaste lamb, tree of chastity and Abraham’s balm (English names). The biological activities, e.g., antifungal , antioxidant , anti- inflammatory and antimicrobial of some species of Vitex have been reported.Natural antioxidants from plants have fewer side effects than do synthetic antioxidants, some of finding to be genotoxic.The basic aim of this research was to characterize the essential oil of seeds of V. pseudo-negundo and to determine the total phenolic content and radical scaveng-ing activity in various extracts of the seeds.
Methods: In this study, the volatile oil prepared by hydrodistillation of V. pseudo-negundo seeds from Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran, was studied by GC and GC/MS. Total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity were used to determination of antioxidant activity of different extracts of the plant’s seed. Dried and powdered seed of V. pseudo-negundo (50 g) extracted by 400 mL of solvents. This process replicated trice with the same volume of fresh solvent. Three solvents having different polarities (methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform) were used. An overhead stirrer mixed the materials for 24 h. All the mixtures were filtered through Whatman paper No. 41. The solvents were removed below 40 °C using a rotary evaporator (Heidolph, Germany) and stored at 4 °C for further use.
Results: As a part of on-going work on the chemical analysis of oils obtained from the wild plants of Iran, we decided to re-investigate the oils of this specific plant. Hydrodis-tilled volatile oils from the crushed dry seeds of V. pseudo-negundo (Verbenaceae) from Sabzevar (Iran) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The air-dried seed of the plant yielded 0.8% (w/w) oil. The oil was clear and yellowish. The forty-four components identified in the oil of the seed accounted for 92.4% of the compounds. Table 1 lists formulas, percentages, and retention indi-ces of identified compounds in the oil. The main com-ponents are hexadecanoic acid (8.0%), elemol (7.0%) and α-bisabolol (6.1%).
GC and GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed several monoterpenoid hydrocarbons (MH), oxygenated mono-terpenes (OM), sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons (SH), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS) and nonterpenoid hy-drocarbons (NH).Six monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.0%), seven oxygenated monoterpenes (13.1%), nine sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (22.3%), eleven oxygenated sesquiterpenes (28.9%) and four monoterpene hydrocar-bons (16.1%) were detected in this oil.
Conclusion: The chemical composition of the essential oil of the same species can change depending on a variety of conditions, including climate, time of collection, and the ground composition of the sampling area beside of growth stages of plant. In addition, the great value of the species V. pseudo-negundofor uses in pharmacy and phytotherapy. This plant is natural sources of antioxidant substances of high importance. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds in the extracts was obtained using the solvent of highest polarity, namely methanol. Further studies of this plant species should be aimed at determining whether the oils and extracts have medicinal value.