مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
A review on the therapeutic potential of zinc and silver nano particles and cranberry on bacteria causing urinary tract infection
A review on the therapeutic potential of zinc and silver nano particles and cranberry on bacteria causing urinary tract infection
yousef alaee mollabashi,1,*fariba eslami,2
1. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. 2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
Introduction: With the passage of time and the advancement of human science and technology, the degree of effectiveness and therapeutic properties of antibiotics have decreased due to the advent of a phenomenon called antibiotic resistance. Study to find alternative therapies ends up with nano particles and plants with medicinal properties. Our goal in this study is to investigate the potential of zinc and silver nano particles and Cranberry for more use in preventing or treating this infection.
Methods: Review and original articles on Science Direct, Medline, SID, Mag Iran and google scholar were used to write this article. The search lasted from 2005 to 2018 and the keywords used include urinary tract infection, antibiotic resistance, nano particles, antibacterial effect and medicinal herbs. Various articles on various nano particles and plants with properties of treatment were found, but only papers containing materials on silver nano particles, zinc and red currant were studied. And the rest were deleted.
Results: The following information was obtained out of 43 articles about urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance:
Five frequently used antibiotics:
21 times gentamicin / 18 times co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxin / 16 times nalidixic acid / 14 times nitrofurantoin and ampicillin. The maximum and minimum resistance of Escherichia coli was to co-trimoxazole with 63.97% and nitrofurantoin with 9.53%. Also, the maximum and minimum sensitivity of Escherichia coli is to ciprofloxin with 53.59% and nalidixic acid with 24, 45%. About 74.76 % of women and 25.24% of men had urinary tract infection. In 61.75% of situations, Escherichia coli agent was the infection agent and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species were in the following ranks.
The second series of articles were about the history of using nano particles in the treatment of microbial diseases:
Silver orthopedic nano composites showed acceptable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Graphene oxide silver nano composite prevents the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Zinc oxide nano particles have been used to disinfect bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Nano Silver affected Streptococci located on the teeth. Zinc nano particles showed a strong antibacterial effect on the strong antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Shigella.
The third series of articles on the history of Cranberry in the treatment and prevention of UTI were:
Cranberry with antimicrobial activity provided by procyanidin prevent the bacterial attachment to the urinary wall while also increasing the acidic level of urine in people by increasing the concentration of hippuric acid. In a study in Iran، Cranberry extract had the highest amount of MBC on E.Coli with 128 mg/ml. Zinc oxide nano particles with Cranberry extract in a study with a dose of 0.2 mg / ml has shown antimicrobial property on the bacteria of Escherichia coli. Using the prophylaxis pill and Cranberry extract showed that the rate of urinary tract infection has decreased. Another study which was done in 2007 proved the fact that Cranberry Extract with high phenol content could have a higher and greater effect on preventing this. But on the other hand, some other researchers have mentioned that methanolic extract and ethanol have effects on bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: The conclusion from this review study was that the most common microbial agent of the urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species are also at Next levels. The highest resistance and sensitivity of Escherichia coli was to antibiotics cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxin, respectively, and women are more likely to catch the disease. Zinc and silver nanoparticles showed great antibacterial activities on microorganisms commonly found in the disease, but wasn’t used directly in the treatment or prevention of urinary tract infection. Red currant has a good record in the prevention of urinary tract infection but the rate and dosage and the official composition for the treatment and prevention of this infection have not been found. All of these issues are subject to further study.