Introduction: The study and monitoring of a diseased brain using neuroscience modalities such as electroencephalogram (EEG) have a great potential in helping clinicians and psychiatrists in understanding the function of the diseased brain as well as preventing cognitive impairment. Within the clinical environment, the EEG is a sophisticated technology for the monitoring of brain diseases and any abnormal activities within the brain
Methods: In the context of this overview, 15 articles were used between the years 2000 through the end of 2018 using the keywords of PubMed, google scholar search engines
Results: EEG electrodes are small metal plates that are attached to the scalp using a conducting electrode gel. They can be made from various materials. Most frequently, tin (Sn) and silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes are used but there are gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) electrodes as well. Correct EEG electrode placement is important to ensure proper location of electrodes in relation to cortical areas so that they can be reliably and precisely maintained from individual to individual
Conclusion: Research is required in the field of wireless EEG systems to tackle the issues like robustness to motion artifacts to increase autonomy so that the system could be used anywhere under any condition. The electrodes used in headset make contact with the skin, hence reducing the wear ability and comfort. So, wear ability must be improved by developing the electrodes which do not require contact with the skin. Further research may be carried out to reduce the power consumption of the system to improve its overall performance. Due to limitation of available technology, the height of MEMS based dry electrodes is not sufficient to penetrate human hairs to contact even epidermis. Much of work is required to fabricate longer electrodes.