مقالات پذیرفته شده در سومین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Potential applications of Nanotechnology in biology and medicine
Potential applications of Nanotechnology in biology and medicine
Hasti Saharkhiz,1,*Parva Nasimi,2
1. Non-governmental Setaregan ِِِِِDerakhshan high school, Department of Education, District 4, Ahvaz, Iran 2. Imam Jafar Sadegh Research Center, Department of Education, District 4, Ahvaz, Iran
Introduction: Nanotechnology is enabling technology that deals with nanomaterials as nano-meter sized objects. The nanomaterials level is the most advanced at present, both in scientific knowledge and in commercial applications. It is expected that Nanotechnology will be developed at several levels, such as: materials, devices and systems in different fields including biology and medicine. Furthermore, nanomedicine today has divided to hundreds of different 13 directions. Each of them is embodying the ability to structure materials and devices at molecular scales. Nanomedicine as one of the main branches of Nanotechnology is the process of preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and traumatic injuries of relieving pain that can preserve and improve human health. This brief review tries to summarize the most recent developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their applications in biology and medicine, and discusses their commercialization prospects.
Methods: Present review is based on the recent publications in the fields of biology and nanomedicine.
Results: There are many reported applications of nanomaterials in biology and medicine such as: drug and gene delivery, detection of proteins, tissue engineering and a number of molecular imaging techniques, such as: optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging (USI), and positron emission tomography (PET) that they have been used in vitro and in vivo. The applications of Nanotechnology in diagnosis of disease are developing rapidly. Nanoscience and nanotechnological methods are spurring the development of more sophisticated tools for detecting diseases, such as cancer, degenerative diseases and atherosclerosis, at early stages and performing neurosurgery. Our results show that the effectiveness of nanoparticles is mediated by their unique size-dependent properties that make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of biological- and medical- related sciences. Nanoparticles can very precisely find diseased cells and carry the medicine to them. This precise properties result in fewer side effects and sufficing with less dosage of medicine. This activity has importance when patient needs to expensive drugs or treats with toxic agents: such as chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Nanoparticles present a highly attractive platform for a diverse array of biological and medical applications. The surface and core properties including; optical absorption, fluorescence quenching, Surface-enhanced fluorescence, catalytic property, luminescence, photo-stability and magnetic property of these systems can be engineered for individual and multimodal applications, including biomolecular recognition, therapeutic delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. Nanomaterials and nanodevices have already been used for a wide range of applications both in vitro and in vivo that can bring enormous immediate benefits in the research and practice of biology and medicine. Thus, nanomedicine can address many important medical problems by using nanoscale-structured materials and simple nanodevices that can be manufactured today, including the interaction of nanostructured materials with biological systems. In the longer term, perhaps 10 years from today, the earliest molecular machine systems and nanorobots may join the medical armamentariums and gives scientists and physicians the most potent tools imaginable to conquer human diseases, ill-health, and aging.