A review article on immunotherapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and the effects of human embryonic stem cells on its treatment

Abbas Mousavand,1,* Hossein koupahi,2

1. Islamic Azad university , Varamin-Pishva branch
2. Islamic Azad university , Varamin-Pishva branch

Abstract

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition usually starting in early adulthood and regularly leading to severe disability. immunotherapy options are growing in number and complexity, while costs of treatments are high. the disease can cause postponed neurological signs of serious illness, like those seen in ms such as visual disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive defects, and fatigue. due to the long course of this disease and resulting severe disabilities, ms is of major health economic relevance. conventional therapies that are used for the treatment of ms include beta interferons , immunosuppressants , monoclonal antibodies (natalizumab) and corticosteroids . however, utilizing these treatments long-term may be associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, heart damage, pneumonia, and serious and life-threatening diseases such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) . past research has shown that cell-based therapies hold a potential for cns repair and may be protective from inflammatory damage after injury . cell transplantation therapies play an important role in promoting remyelination and preventing demyelination of the axons . earlier studies have shown improvement in blurred vision, stamina, appetite, tremors, balance, and speech after receiving human embryonic stem cell (hesc) therapy . an improvement in patients affected with either ms or ld has also been previously reported . in these studies, we have reviewed genetic descriptions of ms in our autoimmune disease, based on recent findings, and have also reviewed recent findings on immunotherapy and cellular substitution using stem cells.

Methods

Surveying different articles related to the subject in recent years with using several internet search engines like google chrome, pubmed, and scopus

Results

For the treatment of multiple sclerosis (ms), cell-based treatment with cns repair potential is superior to previous conventional therapies, as well as immunotherapy-related therapies such as monoclonal antibodies or long-term antidepressants, cause injury. heart disease and pneumonia, as well as life-threatening and serious life-threatening diseases such as advanced pml (multivariate lymphoma). recent studies from recent studies have shown that improvement in visibility in vision blurred, endurance, appetite, tremor, balance and speech has improved after receiving human embryonic stem cells (hesc).

Conclusion

In summary, by studying recent papers, it can be concluded that human embryonic stem cell transplantation is more effective than drug-dependent treatments and immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis; in addition, improvement in vision, vibration , balance maintenance is also a medical benefit of using embryonic stem cells for ms. immunotherapy is also considered as an overhaul, and it does not work well for all patients. economically, treatment with human embryonic stem cells is safer and imposes a lower financial burden on the health sector of the community.

Keywords

Immunotherapy, multiple sclerosis, mesenchymal stem cells, autoimmunity, immunopathogenesis