Albumin as a nanocarrier for cancer theranostics (review article)
Fatemeh Hashemi,
1 Nasrin mohajeri,
2 Mohammad pourhassan moghaddam,
3 Nosratollah zarghami,
4,*
1. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4. 1)Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine Tabriz university of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Introduction
In the last decade, although medical progress has been attained various approaches
of the cancer therapy and diagnosis. however, cancer remains the main cause of
death. nowadays, a method being developed to cancer treatment uses
nanoparticulate delivery systems that need to some macromolecule such as
albumin. albumin-based nanocarrier systems indicate an attractive strategy, that
be used in therapeutic application and diagnosis of different disease and disorders.
several binding sites of albumin are major option to bioconjugation of drug,
ligand, peptide, antibody and oligomer. high-affinity binding, low toxicity, antiimmunogenicity, easy biodegradability and high stability are principal choice to
use of albumin as a nanocarrier.
Methods
The size distribution and the morphology of the albumin bioconjugeted
nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (tem),
dynamic light scattering analysis (dls) and zeta potential. uv-visible absorbance
spectroscopy was used to study the conformational changes and stability of the
albumin. the conjugated agents to albumin nanocarriers were measured by ftir
and h-nmr spectroscopies. in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed by mtt
or xtt assay on different cancer cell lines. loading and encapsulation efficiency
was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography.
Results
It was found that albumin nanocarrier with a size of below 200 nm, the diameter of
about <15 and zeta potential -30 -+10mv could be suitable for endocytosis.
albumin is stable in the ph 4-9 at 600c about 10 hours. therefore amino acid
residue with appropriate functional groups such as nh2, ch3 and cooh is unique
for linked with targeting agents. the results of toxicity assay showed that cell
viability decrease when the apoptotic distinct target species loaded in albumin
nanoparticls. according to the findings of chromatography, loading andencapsulation efficiency are about 30-70% ,40-80% respectively, that due to
cross-linking and presence of large amount of hydrophobic amino acid in the core
of albumin protein.
Conclusion
Albumin is one of the major nanocarriers for cancer theranostics, inflammatory,
metabolic and viral disease. the developed albumin conjugates can be used for
many different technologies for improving the pharmaceutical and
biotechnological sciences. it is excellent nanocarrier for ongoing clinical trials
studies.
Keywords
Albumin nanoparticles, bioconjugation
