Polymeric nanoparticles for the drug delivery to the central nervous system

Negar Zamani,1,* Mehrnaz zamani,2 Zeynab karamzadeh,3

1. Nanomedicine Department,Tehran pharmaceutical science university
2. Nanomedicine Department,Tehran pharmaceutical science university
3. Nanomedicine Department,Tehran pharmaceutical science university

Abstract

Introduction

1.5 billion people are suffering from cns disorders, in fact, 98% of drugs are not able to cross the blood – brain barrier (bbb) owing to their molecular or chemico-physical properties.the unique structure of this epithelium is based on the presence of the tight junctions (tj). the present review deals with the different strategies that have been developed in order to allow np drug carriers entry into the cns parenchyma.

Methods

In vivo and invitro brain drug delivery with nanoparticles.a considerable number of drugs so-far have been transported into the brain across the blood–brain barrier using nanoparticles. these drugs include anticancer drugs, analgesics, protease inhibitors, several macromolecules, and others pbca nanoparticles were loaded with dalargin (a compound with opioid activity), coated with polysorbate 80, and delivered intravenously polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) (pla) and poly(glycolic acid) (pga), and their copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) and pcl have also been widely studied because of their history of safe use. high density positive charge have been reported to cross the bbb. chitosan is a naturally occurring biodegradable, biocompatible polysaccharide

Results

Detection, demonstrated that in the absence of polysorbate 80 coating, there was a significant decrease in the number of pbca nanoparticles that crossed the bbb. delivery of estradiol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles leads to significant amounts of estradiol within the cns. also the surface properties of the nanoparticles play the paramount role for the ability of the particles to deliver drugs to the brain. apart from polysorbate 80, also polysorbate 20, 40, and 60 and poloxamer 188 were able to achieve antinociceptive effects in mice after binding of dalargin following intravenous injection, whereas other surfactants such as poloxamers 407, , cremophor® ez, cremophor® rh 40, did not yield such effects.

Conclusion

Polymeric np have been shown to be promising carriers for cns drug delivery due to their potential both in encapsulating drugs, hence protecting them from excretion and metabolism, and in delivering active agents across the blood–brain barrier without inflicting any damage to the barrier.

Keywords

Polymeric nanoparticles- drug delivery - central nervous system