Application of Chitosan bio materials in dentistry
Application of Chitosan bio materials in dentistry
Neda Baghban,1,*Masoumeh Shirvani,2Hanane Sharifpour,3Fatemeh Rahanjam,4
1. Student Research Committee, bushehr University of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, bushehr University of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, bushehr University of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran 4. Student Research Committee, bushehr University of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran
Introduction: Chitosan is a kind of polymer that is basically found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and some fungi. This polymer is biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic. Moreover, chitosan can induce the induction and integration of bones. These properties made the application of these materials important in medicine and dentistry. Therefore, this study is aimed to review the application of chitosan biomaterials in dentistry.
Methods: in this review article , the required data were collected from citing and keywords database like pubmed, science direct and Google scholar, the reviewed studies are about until 2021 in the field of application of chitosan in the dentistry and its effection on health and human life. After study and evulating the datas, 18 articles are chosed and analysed
Results: Many studies have been performed on different applications of chitosan biomaterials in dentistry. It has been reported that chitosan can reduce the bacterial adhesion. it is a solution to left a small proportion of the adhering bacteria alive. so, it shows a good application for oral health. Moreover, the application of nanoparticles with a copper-chitosan hybrid structure in dentistry has been reported. Chitosan improves adhesion and copper not only strengthens the tooth surface but also has antibacterial properties, prevents bacteria growth, and disrupts and destroys the caries-causing compound. Therefore, this combination showed a good effect on tooth enamel surfaces and can be an effective treatment for dental plaques. Nano chitosan along with nano calcium with anti-demineralization property can be used to increase the hardness of enamel through preventing demineralization process producing by acetic. In an experiment in which the participants used a mouthwash containing 5% phosphorylated chitosan in a period of fourteen days to remove the plaques on the teeth, two types of plates were reported. One plate was thin and the other plate was thick, that the thick and accumulated plate was the old plate. In general, this experiment showed that the phosphorylated chitosan destroys plaques and prevents gingivitis and tooth decay. Chitosan-fluoride microparticles can be used as a controlled release of fluoride. These particles provide a means to increase fluoride absorption, and are used in dental care products that prevent tooth decay. Chitosan is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation on tooth enamel.
Conclusion: According to the results of research studies on chitosan, chitosan reduces bacterial adhesion and increases tooth enamel hardness in tooth problems. It is hard due to its structural complexity and synthetic limitations. All of these properties suggest that this biomaterial can be a promising biomaterial for dental applications. However, its production cost is high and we hope it will be solved by conducting further research and chitosan will be used in other parts of medicine.