Introduction: Burn is an injury to the skin or other tissues. Destruction of the skin barrier and health in burn injuries and suppression of the immune system are the most common causes of death in these patients. Wound healing is a complex and dynamic physiological process that involves various cells, mediators, extracellular matrix components, growth factors and proteinases. Research on burns has gained special importance in the past few decades and several advances and studies in the field of treatment with stem cells and nanoparticles are underway to stabilize the patient's condition and improve the performance of the treatment. Treatment of burns with nanoparticles and stem cells is reviewed in this article.
Methods: Pubmed and Oxford academy databases were utilized and keywords such as burns, burn treatment, stem cells in burns, nanoparticles in burns were searched. Then their abstracts were read and the relevant topics were selected. Again, the articles have been checked in full text then the irrelevant parts have been removed. By collecting this information, the use of stem cells, nanoparticles in burns healing has been investigated.
Results: Nanotherapies have been widely used to diagnose and treat various diseases, including skin and inflammatory diseases such as burn wounds.
Some nanomaterials can act as antibacterial agents to prevent infection of burn wounds because these materials have an antibacterial effect and they can increase the
interaction between drugs and bacteria or change the route of the drug to improve its antibacterial effects and they can improve drug
penetration into tissue barriers and bacterial biofilms.
Nano-treatments can include drugs, bio-macromolecules and therapeutic substances such as some metals and chitosan which at least one dimension of the structure is nano. This causes the interaction between drugs and bacteria to increase. Silver, zinc oxide nanoemulsions and chitosan nanoparticles that act as antibacterial agents can be mentioned among useful nanomaterials in accelerating burn wound healing. The mechanism of action of nano metallic materials such as silver is through to break down biofilms and destroying bacterial DNA or producing reactive oxygen species(ROS) which leads to the inhibition of bacterial growth. Chitosan is a cationic polymer nanomaterial that has antibacterial properties due to the positive charge of the polymer. These substances stick to bacterial surfaces and damage their membrane wall which prevents microbial growth.
To care for burn wounds, stem cells can secrete all the necessary growth factors stably and respond to local stimuli. The use of stem cells in burn repair is through the rapid improvement of better skin regeneration and the modulation of the inflammatory response and the reduction of fibrosis and infection. Stem cell products such as exosomes and their conditioned media have also been used to treat burns. Also, mesenchymal stem cells play a role in inducing collagen production by fibroblasts and help heal wounds. Stem cells with anti-inflammatory effect and stimulation of angiogenesis can heal the wound. Faubert and colleagues were able to accelerate re-epithelialization of wounds by using stem cells derived from fat. Direct injection of stem cells into the wound or Intravenous, both can be helpful for wound healing.
Using epidermal stem cells, Yang et al can stimulate fibroblasts to proliferate and migrate which can lead to accelerated wound healing.
By using stem cells derived from fat, Belili et al concluded that these cells increase blood vessels and increase collagen mRNA expression and collagen deposition in wound treatment.
Conclusion: By assessing articles, It was concluded that the treatment of burns with the assistance of nanotherapy and stem cells can be effective in the process of regeneration of burned and damaged skin. It is recommended to pay special attention to nanotherapy and stem cells along with other treatments.