• Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era
  • Hamidreza Amiri,1 Faezeh Cheshomi,2 Morteza Raeisi,3 Seyyed Ali Sheikhi,4 Elaheh Oliyaei,5,*
    1. Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
    2. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
    3. Shiraz university of medical science, Shiraz, Iran
    4. Babol University of medical sciences
    5. Faculty of Paramedicine, Department of medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran


  • Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a likely life-threatening multifactorial autoimmune sickness characterized through manner of technique of T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, resulting in a deficiency of insulin synthesis and secretion. It requires cautious manage to avoid extreme long-time period complications, alongside coronary heart and kidney contamination, stroke, and absence of sight. Insulin replacement, stays the mainstay of treatment for the large majority of T1D patients today, but this technique fails to accumulate most dependable blood glucose manage in loads of individuals. With advances in our facts of early diploma diabetes development, diabetes stratification, and the characteristic of genetics, T1D is a promising candidate for a customized treatment technique, which desires to apply "the right treatment on the right time, to the right patient. Innovative techniques of accomplishing stepped earlier insulin mediated glycemic manage are becoming to be hard to patients, even as tissue transplants, genetic change and stem-cell therapies are showing promise in pre-medical models and human trials mainly subgroups of patients.
  • Methods: In the forthcoming systematic study, the required data were collected using keywords and citing valid databases such as: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The statistical population of the study includes all studies conducted up to 2022 in the field of diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era. After reviewing the relevant findings and evaluating the data quality, a total of 29 articles were analyzed.
  • Results: By comparing healthy kidneys and kidneys with diabetic nephropathy (after death), gene expression patterns were identified. Preclinical trials of gene treatment were achieved with the aim of preventing or delaying the onset of type 1 diabetes, correcting insulin deficiency, promoting the feature and proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, modulating the immune tool and inflammatory responses, or inducing insulin secretion via manner of technique of non-beta (which encompass intestinal K cells and hepatocytes, skeletal muscle). Through the over expression of wonderful genes, diabetes can also furthermore be handled or averted in extreme techniques. Klotho is an antiaging gene that is expressed in mouse and human pancreatic islets A mixture of gene treatment and immunomodulation can be helpful. The truth that some immunotherapies display their effectiveness first-class in a wonderful age organization is remarkable. (People of brilliant, sometime replies to brilliant treatments.) Several brilliant techniques to supply insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells were positioned so far. Removing the bone marrow and then transplanting autologous hematopoietic stem cells, which desires to preserve your autoimmune destruction of the pancreas and re-installation tolerance, is a few different ways to cope with T1D.
  • Conclusion: The appreciation of contamination and heterogeneity begs for the format of custom designed precision treatment centered on specific features, alongside age and specific immune phenotypes, that can distinguish corporations of patients on the concept of their contamination entity. Perhaps the most promising innovation in T1D treatment has been the exploration of the functionality of stem cells. Different treatment strategies ought to be available for brilliant patients, brought in an integrated, objective, quantitative and evidence-primarily.
  • Keywords: type 1 of diabetes، personalized medicine ، Individualized Medicine، Therapeutics type 1 of diabetes