• Bacterial Vaccine against bacterial infections and cancer
  • Farzaneh Dianatdar,1,* Zahra Etemadifar,2
    1. Ph.D. Student of Microbiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan.
    2. Associate Professor, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan.


  • Introduction: Today, we need bacterial vaccines due to the increase in antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial infections. There are several types of bacterial vaccines, such as toxoids, subunit vaccines, killed whole-cell vaccines, OMV, and live attenuated vaccines. The dry form of live or attenuated bacteria can be used to produce live and attenuated bacterial vaccines, which increases the thermal stability of the bacterial vaccines. Bacteria such as Clostridium and Bifidobacterium that are severely anaerobic can be used as vaccines to treat solid tumors, some bacteria attack and destroy tumors through the mechanisms of chemotaxis and hypoxia, and immune processes. Some bacteria, such as E. coli, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi, Shigella, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria meningitis, and Acinetobacter baumannii can produce outer membrane vesicles (OMV). The outer membrane of germ-negative bacteria is enclosed and is often associated with cellular components such as toxins, DNA, outer membrane components, etc. That produces OMV and acts as the bacterial vaccine. glycoconjugate vaccine is a vaccine that contains a bacterial O-antigen. To produce the glycoconjugate vaccine, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) must be isolated and purified, then remove the toxic lipid A and pure O-antigen are produced. The O-antigen was bound to the carrier proteins by chemical or recombinant methods. To produce a bacterial vector vaccine, the antigen gene is inserted into the bacterial plasmid and chromosome, then the bacteria express the antigen. To produce a vector viral vaccine, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen gene (for example Rv034133-4) was inserted into the HAdV-35 and HAdV-5 virus genome, and a viral vaccine was produced. This antigen is expressed on the surface of the virus and as a vaccine stimulates the immune system. The recombinant bacterial antigen is produced and conjugated to an antibody. Antibody against the receptor of dendritic cells (CLR), thus vaccine is better presented to the immune system. Omics science (such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, and transcriptomics) can also speed up and improve vaccine design.
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  • Results: The rise of antibiotic-resistant genes has threatened public health, and it has become one of the most important health problems for communities. Bacterial vaccines can prevent infectious diseases and reduce antibiotic-resistant infections. Types of bacterial vaccines include: toxoid, subunit vaccines/polysaccharide vaccines, conjugate vaccines, inactive vaccines, live attenuated vaccine, and recombinant vaccines. Omics science can also improve the design and production of bacterial vaccines.
  • Conclusion: Due to the increasing diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, some bacterial vaccines can't prevent resistance genes. It is difficult to design and produce bacterial vaccines that can stimulate the immune system. Increasing the data of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, glycomics and lipidomics in bioinformatics databases can help to better design the vaccine.
  • Keywords: Bacterial Vaccines, live or attenuated bacteria, Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs), glycoconjugate vacc