• Affect of Aspergillosis on The Other Types of Acute Respiratory Infections; A Cellular Investigation
  • Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi Sagharchi,1,* Mobina Naghavi,2 Maneli Alizadegan,3 Seyyed Pedram Daneshvar,4
    1. Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University
    2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
    3. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University
    4. Department of Animal Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University


  • Introduction: Aspergillosis is the most common fungal respiratory infection that originates from the Aspergillus fungus, which is an aerosol mold. The prevalence of this Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in hospital conditions is one of the main problems of treatment, especially if the patients have other ARI (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and covid19).
  • Methods: A systematic review was conducted with keywords applied in online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar from September 1979 to July 2022. Most relevant papers were retrieved and screened in three phases against inclusion criteria, based on their title, abstract, and their full texts, and eligible records were included in the review.
  • Results: Aspergillus infection is extremely dangerous in patients with immunodeficiency. The immune deficiency in patients can be acquired and caused by the presence of other infections in the body, in which case Aspergillosis with co-infection with the primary infection causes severe infection. Aspergillus can coexist with other pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses) in patients. This coexistence increases the risk of infection and increases the risk of death due to ARI. Investigations showed that co-infection occurs through different cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g., biofilm formation, and Inhibition of cytokines) with other pathogens at the levels of the immune and respiratory systems.
  • Conclusion: Exposure to the fungus, the individual's immune status, and lung status determine the pattern of the disease. Studies and observations show that Aspergillus can coexist with other microorganisms during processes. This symbiosis can be in the form of infectious synergy or inhibition. The result of this symbiosis is effective in the rate and severity of the infection of microorganisms and in the respiratory system of patients with respiratory infections, it leads to the emergence or exacerbation of signs and symptoms of the disease.
  • Keywords: Aspergillosis AND Aspergillus AND Coinfection AND Respiratory Tract Infections