SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are now being developed in order to break the transmission cycle
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are now being developed in order to break the transmission cycle
Seyed Amir Mohammad Seyed Mirzajani,1Seyed Reza Mohebbi,2,*Seyed Masoud Hosseini,3Piruz Shadbash,4Mahsa Saeedi Niasar,5Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei,6
1. Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2. Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 4. Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 5. Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6. Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was initially detected in late 2019 in China. Since the discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its genome, the scientific community has put up an extraordinary effort that has resulted in the creation of over 300 vaccine candidates. Several of these vaccines have received emergency approval. The elderly and those with comorbidities are the most vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A safe and efficient vaccine might protect these populations in two ways: direct protection, in which high-risk groups are immunized to avoid disease, and indirect protection, in which those who are in contact with high-risk people are vaccinated to minimize transmission.
Methods: In this study, we give a summary of the vaccine's efficiency as assessed by recent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination trials, as well as some data about how it cuts off the transmission cycle and protects individuals from developing severe illness.
Results: Although these last two years have been tough for everyone, these years witnessed the development and testing of several vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with some vaccines reportedly having more than 90% efficiency against COVID-19 in clinical trials. This extraordinary accomplishment comes at a time when COVID-19 cases are at their highest daily numbers around the world.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has quickly spread around the world, posing significant health, economic, environmental, and social concerns to the whole human population. The global economy is being seriously disrupted by the coronavirus pandemic. Almost every country is attempting to limit the spread of the disease by testing and treating patients, quarantining suspects via interaction monitoring, preventing big meetings, and maintaining total or partial curfew, among other efforts. Controlling the source of disease, cutting off the transmission cycle, and using current medicines and vaccines to prevent disease progression are all critical at this time. Existing evidence suggests that novel vaccine candidates might be useful in protecting people, especially in preventing the development of severe cases and hospitalization, but still, there are investigations that should be done on the efficacy of the vaccines against new variants that emerged recently. However, evidence shows, vaccines can reduce death rates and minimize the development of severe cases.