Introduction: Men between the ages of 15 and 34 are at risk for testicular cancer. Men over the age of 55 are much more likely to develop testicular cancer. Spermatocystic type of testicular cancer occurs in men over 50 years of age. Today, bacteria such as bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are recognized as a preventative factor in many diseases, including cancer.
One out of every 250 men develops testicular cancer during their lifetime. Its maximum prevalence is between 20-40 years old. In fact, it is the most common cancer in men aged 20-40 years. Testicular cancer accounts for one percent of all malignancies in men. In about 2-3% of cases, testicular cancer is bilateral. Approximately 99% of hard masses inside Testicular tissue is cancer. 1-2% of testicular cancers are familial. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for testicular cancer. Early diagnosis such as clinical examination, tumor marker levels, and ultrasound are important for the survival and comfort of most patients. Factors that can be effective in the occurrence of this complication are abdominal testis, family history, race, infertility. In the Aryan race, the incidence is less. With a family history in first-degree individuals, the risk of testicular cancer increases tenfold.
Methods: First, bifidobacterium bifidium supernatant was prepared in different volumes of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl of cell suspension in a volume of 1200 μl of cell culture medium Finally, the effect of bifidobacterium bifidium supernatant at pH 4 and 7 on testicular cancer cell line TM4 and on healthy testicular cells with neutral pH was investigated by MTT assay. Testicular cancer cell survival was calculated. The expression of two genes involved in BAX and BCL-2 cancer was evaluated after supernatant effect by Realtime PCR.
Results: Treatment of testicular cancer cells with different volumes of probiotic suspension showed that at higher volumes and time, the rate of cytotoxicity was higher and the survival rate of cancer cells decreased while it was not dependent on pH. There was no change in the effect of neutral pH supernatant on healthy cells. The lethal effect of 24h supernatant at PH4 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 27.5, 38.19, 58.77, 62.7, 73.7, 85.7, 92.68%, respectively. was observed.
The lethal effect of 24h supernatant at PH7 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 25.8, 36.28, 56.74, 61.8, 71.79, 83.28, 92.52%, respectively. was observed.
The lethal effect of 48h supernatant at PH4 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 33.28, 40, 63.85, 68, 81.49, 87, 95.88%, respectively was observed.
The lethal effect of 48h supernatant at PH7 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 34.15, 41.87, 61.73, 69.63, 80.76, 88.9, 95.79%, respectively. was observed.
The lethal effect of 72h supernatant at PH4 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 44.8, 53.68, 69.1, 73.1, 82.77, 90.8, 97%, respectively. was observed.
The lethal effect of 72h supernatant at PH7 at concentrations of 7.81, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μl / ml on testicular cancer cell TM4, 47.1, 52.2, 67.05, 72.18, 83.32, 91.25, 96.63%, respectively. was observed.Also, BAX cancer inhibitor gene increased compared to GAPDH control gene and BCL-2 gene decreased compared to GAPDH control gene.
Conclusion: In this study, the probiotic effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum on TM4 cancer cells was investigated and the results showed that Bifidobacterium bifidum supernatant has the ability to inhibit the growth of testicular cancer cells. In 1995 in vitro studies by Laurent Baricault examined the effect of fermented milk with 4 different probiotic bacteria separately on HT29 cancer cells (rectal cancer cells) and found that Bifidobacterium and L. helaventicus had the greatest effect on inhibiting cell growth. He had cancer and suggested that up to 50% of the growth of cancer cells may be that the production of these bacteria can affect the growth and differentiation of cells . In a 1997 study by Biffi on the inhibitory effect of 5 different species of lactic acid bacteria on breast cancer cells (MCF7), it was observed that all 5 species of Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus growth Cancer had an inhibitory effect and the greatest effect was related to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis It inhibited the growth of cancer cells by up to 85%. It also showed that the presence of bacteria themselves did not have a live effect and attributed the reason for this action to the production of anti-tumor and anti- tumor and anti-cancer compounds by these bacteria .
In general, it can be said that the effective mechanisms in inhibiting the growth of TM4 cancer cells by Bifidobacterium bifidum compounds are not fully understood, but according to previous studies in similar cases, it can be said that these bacteria produce anti-tumor and anti-cancer compounds that can Involve in the growth and differentiation of cancer cells and prevent their growth. According to the results, it was observed that supernatant 72 had the greatest effect, which could be due to the higher amount of metabolites produced in the supernatant . In 2006, Vander Meulen stated that as the number of bacteria increases, so does the amount of material they produce, and in the constant phase the amount of these metabolites is constant.
Keywords: Bifidobacterium, bifidum , MTT, Realtime PCR, Testicular cancer