• The Functional Annotation and Gene Ontology Analysis of Caveolin-1 and Endomucin: The Downregulated Tumor-related Hub Genes
  • Arghavan Heydari,1 Haniyeh Sadat Hosseininia,2 Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi,3,*
    1. Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
    2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    3. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran.


  • Introduction: Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood arteries from the arteries that play role in tumor development. Breast cancer is a common cancer in women and 58% of deaths associated with this type of cancer occurs in less developed countries. Despite significant improvement in early diagnosis, breast cancer death rates remain high yet. The study of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis is necessary for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
  • Methods: In order to more accurate analyze of correlation between angiogenesis and various pathways involved in the angiogenesis process, GEO dataset and ultimately selected 13 breast tumor and control samples has been used for analysis. BioJupies database has been used for in-depth analysis of a selected dataset.
  • Results: The downregulated genes in the breast cancer cells presented the differential expression which confirmed by volcano plot. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed on downregulated genes. The biological process (BP) analysis manifest the multiple biological roles for each gene. The cellular component (CC) analysis demonstrated the location where the protein/gene performs its molecular function.
  • Conclusion: This localization led us understand the correlation between the component of the plasma membrane and downregulation of specific genes which manages angiogenesis process. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of downregulated genes was constructed by STRING. It concluded that Caveolin-1 and Endomucin have the most significant correlation with other genes and their meaningful correlation with TEK and KDR is entirely obvious. The downregulation of selected genes on tumor cells led to expanding the angiogenesis process.
  • Keywords: Angiogenesis, Tumor-related Gene, Bioinformatics, GO Analysis, Breast Cancer