Introduction: Due to energy crisis, pollution and environmental impacts resulted from the utilization of fossil fuels people have turned to renewable energy. The utilization of biofuels helps to protect the environment. Bioethanol presents a potential path to prevent global political instability and environmental problems driven by the reliance on fossil fuels.
Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion cause global warming, acid rain, climate change, ozone depletion, and biodiversity damage. The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the increase in pollutants and the resulting climate change in the Earth's atmosphere have made the production and use of renewable energy sources that are less polluting an inevitable necessity in the present age. It is estimated that the world's population will reach more than 2 billion by the year 8, and to maintain political and social security, 5% more fuel, 4% more food, 2% more water and 2% less carbon dioxide emissions are needed. Therefore, it is important to use fuel systems without producing carbon dioxide and without endangering food and water resources.
This research focuses on the production of ethanol using cellulosic, sucrosic and fungal sources with a purity of 70 to 90%. Some applications of bioethanol include pharmaceutics, fuel cells, chemical synthesis, making solutions and similar applications in medicine
Methods: Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is a clear and colorless liquid that easily burns and water and carbon dioxide are produced as a result of its combustion. Ethanol can be produced by both synthetic and fermentation methods, where ethylene is utilized in the synthetic method. The main purpose of the researchers of this paper is to produce various bioethanol’s using fruit waste and yeast method in order to discover the superior class of ethanol in terms of time, cost, type of materials, abundance of raw materials in Iran and etc. Some effective factors on the improvement of ethanol quality include: type of yeast (very important), type of sugar, distillation type, type of airlock, storage site among others. When all the factors are checked, the product with highest percentage and lowest harms is identified as the best biofuel in the fermentation method
Results: In this diagram, the amount of methanol or fuel consumption can be observed and it shows that at the beginning of the process, a lot of energy is consumed and when time passes, the amount of methanol burning decreases and finally becomes constant. This diagram indicates the amount of product or output which increases during first 3 hours and after that, it decreases due to the decrease in the amount of oxygen into the retort. To prevent the process from degradation, open one of the retort’s necks to remove water vapor and increase the amount of oxygen into the tank, and after a few minutes close the retort’s neck and continue the process (If the whole process is done with the open neck, the temperature rises significantly, so that a large amount of bioethanol is released with water vapor)
In the intersection of two graphs, i.e. the equilibrium point, which is achieved about 1 hour after the start of the process, the output become equal to the input, and after the equilibrium point onwards, the yield reaches to 100 and whole-profit situation is obtained. This diagram can be used to measure the boiling point of the solution of water, sucrose and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The reason for the temperature decrease during seventh 30 minutes is the decrease in the amount of oxygen into the retort and the reason for the temperature increase during eighth 30 minutes is the increase in the amount of oxygen into the tank. According to this research, the lower the density, the higher is the consumption of fuel and high-density fuel causes the lower consumption of pollutant (petroleum product). Our proposed materials is diesel because it has higher density compared to other fuels and also, is abundant, accessible and inexpensive so that it decreases the cost of materials and the most important feature of diesel is that it has a higher flame temperature than other fuels.
Conclusion: According to the experiments, studies and investigation performed during this project, it was concluded that if 250 ml of sucrose and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae solution as well as 200 ml of input fuel were used for the bio-alcohol production process, a 100% yield is obtained, as can be seen in the above diagrams. Due to the special conditions of the coronavirus pondemy and the lack of testing facilities, we are intended to develop and improve the equipment and production processes, including the application of other materials such as fruit mixture, molasses, as well as other input fuels such as candle and thinner whose data will be added to this paper when the experiments are performed.