Introduction: Different tissues in the body are made up of cells, some of which have the ability to regenerate cells of the same type, including heart cells and the nervous system.
These cells have two distinct characteristics; 1) Under the influence of suitable conditions, they can become other specialized cells of the body. 2) They have the ability to make their own stem cells and they divide during many divisions and in a long time without change.
In conditions such as events after a heart attack, chronic heart failure or heart muscle destruction, the heart will no longer have adequate contractile power. Medication, heart transplant, etc. are common treatments.
The last recommended treatment is myocardial cell repair, in which stem cells are transferred into the myocardium, and by providing the right conditions, attempts are made to produce new heart cells and regenerate the damaged area. .
Bone marrow cells, embryonic cells, deceased donor muscle cells, smooth or striated muscle cells, embryonic heart cells, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood have been used for cell transplantation in the heart muscle.
Using induction, it differentiates embryonic mesoderm cells and can be used to differentiate bone, muscle, blood, cartilage and graft cells. Cardiomyocytes can be obtained by using pure culture media such as matriogel or cardiogel or by co-culture or co-culture with some compounds or tissues.
Research suggests that the best cellular sources for treating damaged heart muscle are skeletal muscle cells and bone marrow cells that need to be cultured. These cells are also resistant to fatigue and ischemia.
Myoblasts (skeletal muscle cells) are a collection of muscle cells that are easily obtained through biopsy, and are the individual's own adult stem cells that are neither repelled by the immune system nor morally challenged to use. Bone marrow cells also stimulate angiogenesis. These cells can be injected into the blood vessels in the affected area through the catheter, or injected directly into the heart muscle through open surgery or thoracoscopy (both methods are allowed in Europe).
There is a risk of embolism with intravascular injection.
In the direct method, there is a possibility of heart rupture, especially in heart attacks.
Stem cells are also injected with substances that improve telomerase activity, promote stem cell localization, and improve stem cell growth.
The most important concern of researchers in such clinical trials is the lack of electrical communication between the implanted cells and other heart cells, which can cause arrhythmias. That's why they put an automatic cardiac defibrillator inside the heart; This method has been approved as a treatment method.
Methods: by study and review artical
Results: Humans have long been aware of the existence of cells and have done a lot of research, but they still do not know much about the function of various cells, especially stem cells. On the other hand, there are countless questions in the minds of researchers, and this may mean that cell therapy is not currently recommended as a comprehensive clinical method, but researchers hope that this method will replace heart transplantation in the near future.
Conclusion: Myoblasts and bone marrow cells can be injected into the heart muscle to improve heart function (both methods are allowed in Europe).