Introduction: Introduction: The application of biotechnology in the 21st century is so great that it has dramatically affected the economy, health, treatment, environment, education, agriculture, industry, nutrition, and other aspects of human life. One of the most complex stages of new technologies in biotechnology products is the transfer stage Research findings into the production field, which is referred to as --technology transfer from research to production- or -commercialization-. Many commercial products are produced on a large scale by microorganisms or various approaches, leading to extensive developments in biotechnology.
Methods: Methods: This review was prepared via searching the databases of Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, Pub-Med (NLM), Scopus, Web of Science, and hand searching using relative keywords.
Results: Results: The commercial applications of biotechnology will be found in several industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, antibiotics, enzymes, products from genetically engineered microorganisms, transgenic eukaryotes, nanodeliverables, enterprising artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, etc.
Modern drug discovery relies heavily on computer modeling of drug-target interactions. However, in the past, and to a more limited extent today, laboratory screening programs are the route to discovering new antibiotics; however, using bioinformatics methods compared to traditional methods to design new drugs or antibiotics can save a lot of cast and time. Another important approach in the commercialization of biotechnology products is genetic engineering methods such as genetically engineered human proteins. To produce somatotropin as a human protein, the mRNA for bovine somatotropin (BST) is obtained from an animal. Then, the mRNA is converted to cDNA by reverse transcriptase. The cDNA version of the somatotropin gene is then cloned into a bacterial expression vector with a bacterial promoter and ribosome-binding site (RBS). The construct is transformed into Escherichia coli, and recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) is produced. Milk production increases in cows treated with rBST.
Nanodimensional materials are currently being actively researched in biomedical sciences to develop better therapies, imaging modalities, and in some cases, a combination of both known as theranostics. Based on the source materials, these nanoparticulate systems can be classified as (a) lipid nanomaterials, (b) polymeric nanomaterials, (c) inorganic nanomaterials, (d) carbon nanomaterials, (e) biomimetic nanomaterials, and (f) peptide nanostructures. Due to the importance of nanoparticles such as nanoliposomes in the production of mRNA-based vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine, recently, it has received a lot of attention.
In the recent digital era, biotechnology has also expanded its wings to develop sophisticated, intelligent devices. Points of care (POC) devices result from collaboration between biotechnology, biochemistry, electronics and marketing. Major applications of POC devices are the test kits available in the market to detect many clinical conditions. POC devices are equally growing their business in both the developed and developing world. In 2011, POC testing devices shared a significant market of approximately $15 billion in total $51 billion markets of the total in vitro diagnostics, which signifies the fast pace commercialized growth of these systems. This commercial share is expected to increase with a 4% annual growth rate. The USA, Europe and Asia cover the top consumers of the point of care devices.
In the last two decades, due to the importance of biotechnology drugs and their very effective role in the treatment of many diseases, the process of commercialization and sales of these products has grown significantly in the world and many large companies have made huge economic gains for themselves and their country by investing in this field. The United States is the largest investor in the research, production, and sales of biotechnology pharmaceutical products; therefore, investigating the market of biotechnology drugs can provide an overview of the commercialization process and sales market of this type of drugs in the world.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Market research and sales trend of each of the industrial biotechnology products including drug groups (monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, growth factors, blood factors, recombinant hormones, protein fusion and recombinant enzymes) or other products in the field of chemicals, antibiotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and etc. is necessary for interested researchers in the field of commercialization of biotechnology products.