Introduction: In recent years, cancer has become the first and most deadly disease in the world. Due to the causes and growth of cancer in humans, a significant increase in the incidence of this type of disease in the coming years is likely.
Types of cancers with different processes, their effects on the body and the prognosis of this disease for treatment make it more difficult for researchers to work. The most common cancer among women is breast cancer.
Methods: Methods: the criteria for selecting were the articles that contained information about melatonin and breast cancer diseases and how to use melatonin in the treatment of these diseases Resources= -Melatonin and breast cancer: cellular mechanisms, clinical studies, and future perspectives- written by - v Stephen G. Grant, Melissa A. Melan, Jean J. Latimer, and Paula A. Witt-Enderbyr- . -Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer written by - written by - Steven M Hill, Victoria P Belancio, Robert T Dauchy, Shulin Xiang, Samantha Brimer, Lulu Mao, Adam Hauch, Peter W Lundberg, Whitney Summers, Lin Yuan, Tripp Frasch, and David E Blask-.
Results: Melatonin actually has significant inhibitory effects in many cancers, specifically breast cancer. Melatonin has a vital role in almost every part of the occurrence and progress of tumor cells. Melatonin synergizes with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy to reverse drug resistance. Melatonin could be a therapeutic option for breast cancer. Melatonin has significant inhibitory effects in numerous cancers, especially breast cancer. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer, the endostatin actions of melatonin are mainly achieved by suppressing ER mRNA expression and ER transcriptional activity via the MT1 receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of nuclear receptors, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, melatonin suppresses tumor aerobic glycolysis, critical cell-signaling pathways relevant to cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and overcomes drug resistance. Studies in animal and human models indicate that disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer, resulting in resistance to hormone therapy and chemotherapy, which may be reversed by melatonin.
Conclusion: in the last few years, a lot of research on melatonin as an anticancer agent has been published, and many studies from cell lines, animal models, xenografts in rodents, and human breast cancer cells have confirmed that melatonin inhibits the growth of breast cancer and induces apoptosis by mediating a large number of molecular pathways. Many of these mechanisms involve the activation of melatonin receptors, especially MT1. Moreover, melatonin synergizes with chemotherapy and antitumor treatments to reverse resistance, at least in part, to other treatments.
Keywords: melatonin, breast cancer,anti-cancer mechanism