- the application of fermentation in production of pharmaceutical drugs
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mahtab najmi,1,*
- Introduction: Introduction and generalities
The term biotechnology was first used by Karl Erkey in 1919; The use of the term means to convert raw materials into a specific product using living organisms, as well as to introduce the concept of genetic modification. (Almedia et al.٫2013)
Since then, the applications of biotechnology have gained a broader meaning, and it became this way by using living organisms to produce products for human consumption or to solve human problems (Theian and Palladino, 2014). Biotechnology is based on a body of knowledge from various sciences including: microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, engineering and computer sciences, etc.
In recent years, due to the benefits of this science, the advances in the biotechnology industry have been very significant, such as: the production of high efficiency products, products which require low or minimal man power, products which have a low cost of production and finally but not limited to the environmental friendliness of this industry and it’s reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
In the pharmaceutical industry, efforts to discover new drugs using biotechnology industry have grown tremendously and with that being said The largest pharmaceutical companies in the world Are in someway related to biotechnology research and production by this method (Almedia et al.,2013).
One of the processes in this industry that is considered to produce various compounds, especially medicinal compounds, is the fermentation process. The word fermentation is derived from the Latin verb fervere meaning to boil, and actually refers to the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles in the process. (Stanburyet al.,2017)
Fermentation occurs naturally in many foods and since ancient times humans (peoples of the Indian subcontinent, Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks) have used this process to produce some products such as bread, yogurt, cheese and also various Beverages. (Kuila and Sharma,2018).
Today, the term fermentation has a broader meaning and means the deliberate use of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi to produce products useful to humans.
(figure 1). (Paulov Paul and Branyik 2013)
Since the introduction of genetic engineering on a practical scale in the 1970s, there has been a great deal of interest in producing biological products using fermentation and in saying this Many researchers have tried to study new sources produced by microorganisms. (Sitanggang et.al.,2010)
- Methods: In this article, we reviewed and collected valid articles from specific sites and gernals and after reading all of them, we prepared a summary of their valuable data and in the form of tables and even shapes with their full description in the article.
- Results: The success of the food fermentation process depends on the action of microorganisms, the growth and activity of microorganisms,
And all of these conditions in turn depend on environmental conditions,
And therefore by controlling environmental conditions we can stimulate the growth of a microbial species, And fianally
By forgoing these changes we then in turn are resulted with a large number of desired products.
In the Khalilzade high cell density culture method, the highest cell density is obtained using the batch feed culture fermentation process (HCDC) (2004, et.al.)
The many advantages of the SSF method include the production of primary metabolites, some including low energy requirements, low consumption, low waste and easy product recovery without the need for a sterile environment.
For a successful extraction using the SSF process it is necessary to have fermentation parameters such as humidity, temperature, pH, Aeration and Oxygen Transfer, Cylinder Size, Growth Estimation, and Growth Characteristics present in order for the process to go smoothly (Saykhedkar and Singhal 2004).
- Conclusion: Due to the magnificent process of fermentation The progress of this science is increasing day by day leading to a large number of biotechnology companies researching innovative methods for producing effective drugs to save more people’s lives and that’s why we are here to add value to others and improve our quality of life.
- Keywords: fermentation-drugs-biotechnology-genetic-human