Study The Affections Of Olfactory Stem Cells On The Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

Study The Affections Of Olfactory Stem Cells On The Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Mahtab Aghaee Jaghargh,^1,* Sadaf Hassani,²
1. Midwifery student, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Medicine Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
2. Nursing student, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Medicine Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders. It is caused by destroying dopamine-secreting cells. PD is an incurable disease but some methods such as surgery, drugs, physiotherapy can suppress or control the disease process. It is noteworthy studies have also suggested stem cell therapy and these days the effect of olfactory stem cells on PD is controversial. This study aims to review the papers about the new treatment.
Methods: We searched on PubMed, Cochrane, science direct, and Google Scholar database from 2012 to February 2020. 76 papers were found. 61 of them were excluded because of their irrelevant abstracts. Finally, we study on 7 papers that all were English.
Results: Results: Based on the studies, the cellular sources used were olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OEMSCs), adult human olfactory epithelial-derived progenitors (AHOEPs), and olfactory bulb neural stem cells (OBNSCs). OEMSCs could express dopaminergic neuron markers at mRNA and increased the dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase. It was a good source of stem cells because of different reasons such as easy harvest and high proliferation. AHOEPstested in animal models. The result showed that about 35% of the animals improved behavioral recovery. During these experiments, no evidence of tumorigenesis was found. Using OBNSCs, increased the percentage of improvement. In other research, it can reduce movement disorders in a rat model of PD. Compared with OBNSCs and OE‐MSCs as two sources of olfactory stem cells, the mRNA expression of the dopaminergic activity markers from OB‐NSCswas significantly higher than the other one. The superiority of OE‐MSCs was noninvasive and easier harvesting process, faster proliferation, and longer life span. Some studies have examined the conditions of treatment with stem cells. For example, a hypoxic environment promotes OEMSCsinto dopaminergic neurons by increasing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, activating the tyrosine hydroxylase gene and the level of dopamine cells.
Conclusion: Given the wide diversity of stem cells in the treatment of PD, olfactory stem cells have a better effect on treatment compared to the rest. But more studies are needed to compare the types of olfactory stem cells together.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Olfactory, Ecto mesenchymal stem cells, Treatment.