The effect of exercise on pregnancy problems: A systemic study

The effect of exercise on pregnancy problems: A systemic study
fatemeh maddahi,^1,* zahra ghorbani,² mahsa zakinejad,³
1. zanjan university medical sciences
2. zanjan university medical sciences
3. zanjan university medical sciences
Introduction: Exercise is one of the most challenging stressors that requires the coordination of metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular responses to meet the needs of muscles that are increasing energy. Today, all over the world, exercise is considered a necessity and everyone according to Exercises his own needs and lifestyle, for example: to lose weight, treat diseases and… . Every year, more than 600,000 pregnant women die due to pregnancy and childbirth problems. Exercise is one of the solutions recommended to pregnant women to reduce pregnancy problems During pregnancy, all non-contraindicated women are encouraged to exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle. Pregnancy is associated with increased empathy, which can be exacerbated by pregnancy conditions. Physiologically it is associated with the mother's cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic systems that serve the needs of the developing fetus. Therefore, physiological adaptations to exercise during pregnancy are more pronounced and very important.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on pregnancy problems
Methods: This article is a review article based on the collection of scientific materials from Iranian and English databases Google scholar-science direct-clinical key –magiran-springer ,Using Persian and English word search: exercise-pregnancy-depression-diabetes-blood pressure is among the articles of 2016-2018.
Results: According to studies Exercise during and after pregnancy had beneficial effects on reducing the symptoms and problems of pregnancy such as hypertension, low back and pelvic pain, urinary incontinence, physiological edema, weight gain, anxiety, etc. The results showed that exercise during pregnancy reduces the symptoms of depression. Recommending and promoting exercise and physical activity during pregnancy is a useful measure for women's physical and mental health. Low" to "moderate" quality evidence showed that prenatal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with or without aerobic exercise reduces the likelihood of UI in pregnancy. Exercise was helpful in preventing the progression of UI in women with continental disease, but was not effective in treating UI in women with incontinence. Evidence of the benefits of combined exercise interventions [aerobic resistance + (muscle strength)] on maternal heart fitness and respiration and prevention of urinary incontinence was strong. For other interventions and outcomes, the level of evidence was found to be weak or insufficient. Low-intensity supervised exercise is safe for healthy pregnant women. Excessive pregnancy does not cause cardiac overload or affect the main outcome of pregnancy. Exercise during pregnancy can significantly control I improve heart autonomy . Aerobic exercise for about 30-60 minutes two to seven times a week during pregnancy, compared with sedentary lifestyle, is associated with a significant reduction in gestational abnormalities, gestational hypertension, and cesarean delivery. as well as aerobic exercise for 35–90 minutes 3–4 times per week during pregnancy can be safely performed by normal-weight women with singleton, uncomplicated gestations because this is not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth or with a reduction in mean gestational age at delivery. Exercise was associated with a significantly higher incidence of vaginal delivery and a significantly lower incidence of cesarean delivery, with a significantly lower incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders and therefore should be encouraged Exercise intervention can significantly reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, but showed no effect on gestational age at birth, preterm delivery, 2-hour glucose after OGTT, birth weight, and Apgar score less than 7. Aerobic exercise in overweight and obese pregnant women is also associated with significant prevention of gestational diabetes and should therefore be encouraged. Exercise during pregnancy can significantly reduce the incidence of GDM without reducing the gestational age at delivery and increasing the risk of cesarean section in women of normal weight.
Conclusion: As a result, pregnant women are encouraged to participate in safe and appropriate exercise, and it is recommended that pregnant women reduce their sedentary time as much as possible pregnancy is associated with decreased quality of life. These results suggest that it may be important for health care professionals to advise healthy pregnant women about the benefits of physical activity during pregnancy, as well as guidance on how to exercise during a healthy pregnancy
Keywords: Exercise , Pregnancy, sport, Maternal health,