Introduction: In the world, three out of every 1,000 babies have a hearing loss, which is a significant statistic. Sensorineural Hearing Loss is caused by malfunctioning hair cells that cannot produce a message to the hearing centers. Hair cells cannot proliferate and have a definite number by the end of their lifespan, so sensorineural Hearing Loss does not have a definitive cure, but modern stem cell therapies can be used to treat hearing loss.
Methods: This study is a review of the treatment of sensorineural hearing Loss by stem cell therapy by analyzing articles from dependable scientific databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus.
Results: Initial studies showed that it was possible to transform embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells into hair cells, and the success rate of the differentiation of stem cells to hair cells and nerve cells is high. Significantly, these differentiated cells can interact with the hair cells and nerve cells present in the sebum by replacing new synapses so that they can replace lost hair cells. The researchers were able to transform stem cells into hair cells by increasing gene expression called NEUROG1. The differentiation and growth of cochlea from ectodermal ethic produces the production of otic vesicles. Within this multi-potent vesicle, it forms three cell models: 1-prosensorial line for hair cells and supportive cells. 2- The proneural line for balancing and hearing nerve formation. 3- The non-sensorial for the secretory and absorptive and structural functions of cells cochlea.
Conclusion: Various studies of hair cell cultures have been successful, but the researchers have not been able to prevent the growth of proliferating hair cell cancers, and this is still a problem. It seems that by limiting the proliferation of these cells and using the appropriate vector, they can prevent the growth of these cells. Biological methods are currently limited but not in any way of clinical application for the treatment of sensorineural Hearing Loss; rather, it can be more useful for deep hearing loss than hearing aid and cochlear implantation. We aim to improve cochlear reconstruction and hope that in the future biological methods can be used to treat sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Keywords: stemcell_hearing loss_stem cell therapy in sensory neural heating loss